Winslow Homers Breezing Up Essay Example For Students

Winslow Homers Breezing Up Essay Winslow Homers Breezing Up The1873 masterpiece Breezing Up, by Winslow Homer located in theNational Gallery of Art in Washington DC is an oil on canvas painting thatmeasures 23 3/13 X 38 1/6 in.. The primary subject of this painting is a manwith three boys in a small wooden sail boat that is moving along with whatappears to be a fairly choppy sea. At the center of this painting is the sternof the sail boat. The oldest of the boys is sitting on the high end of the sternwith his knees up and his bare feet planted flat on the deck in order to keephim from slipping down into the water. This image forms a powerful triangle inthe center of the painting. The boy?s use of only one hand on the tiller linecombined with his relaxed posture suggest that he is very much at ease with hisresponsibility of steering the boat. His face is only visible in a semi-profileview which exposes his chin, left cheek, and eye socket. These features are welldefined against thick layers of puffy clouds which are lingering over the water. We will write a custom essay on Winslow Homers Breezing Up specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Like the others in the boat he is facing away from the setting sun which causesthe light to reflect off the back of his long sleeved shirt and hat. Just to theboy?s right is the man in the boat who is presumably the father of the boys. His seated position below the deck allows the viewer only to see his faceshoulders, arms, and hands. His red long sleeved shirt is the brightest color inthe painting, and his calloused hands show strength as he holds the halyard firmin the cleat with a fully extended arm. Of the four people in the boat he is theonly one with a troubled look on his face. According to David Prown this is avery common characteristic in Homer?s work. He says: Although the adults ofHomer?s world seem isolated, his children frolic together in a cheerful worldof laughter and mutuality. For Homer, growing up seems to imply a loss, a fallfrom paradise, removal from happy, carefree innocence and high spirits to aserious, lonely existence in which each man is an island unto himself. (Prown86) This is the perfect description of the expressions of the people in thispainting. The children are clearly relaxed and content, but the father has anexpression that suggests that he has something weighing heavy on his mind , andthat he is receiving only temporary relief as he relaxes on the water with hissons. The other two boys are relaxing up towards the bow of the boat. The olderof the two is stretched out across the deck covering the width of the bow withhis leather shoes hovering inches over the water. The youngest of the boys issitting up right on the deck with his feet resting inside the boat and he has apleasant look of deep thought on his face. Clearly all of these boys are relaxedand content with their surroundings. Numerous fish inside of the boat suggestthat this group has had an afternoon of fishing and recreation. They are notdressed for serious fishing, so there is a good chance they are out therestrictly for leisure. A building off the bow on the distant shore is barelyvisible, and combined with the long shadows of the setting sun, it seems thatthey are heading home. Homers soft blue sky and puffy white clouds take up 2/3of the canvas, leaving only the bottom third for the water and th e horizon. Thesky is completely empty except for a lone gull who?s wings are lit up by thesun as is hovers directly in line with what appears to be a tiny illuminatedsail of another boat on the very distant horizon. Homer also has an uncommonability to recreate curves just as they would appear in nature. He uses thisability to capture the shape and form of the rolling waves in the sea, by evenmore than that he uses it to capture the human experience. The use of thesunlight as it reflects off the cloths of the people in the boat adds to therealistic nature of this painting. The wrinkles of white cotton shirts of theboy?s are accented brilliantly as the sun illuminates and caused shadows ondifferent parts of their arms. The four people in this painting express morewith their body language that they do with their facial expressions. .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 , .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .postImageUrl , .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 , .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:hover , .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:visited , .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:active { border:0!important; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:active , .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211 .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc79458362c5d413dbf7f756d54b7b211:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeless biography EssayParticularly the curve of their backs is evidence of their state of relaxation. In the children there is no evidence of tension in their bodies. This is incontrast with the fathers posture where tension is quite evident. The viewersposition directly off the stern of the sailboat is a privileged one. It allowsHomers style of American realism to be truly revealed. The exact details of thesmall wooden boat are astonishing. He captures everything from the stitches inthe sail to the twist of the lines. Even the grain of the wood in the hull andthe mast are perfectly visible. The attention to detail is magnificent. The useof light and shadows across the sail form a drastic contrast. This contrastgives the viewer a real feel for the way the sun is shinning across the water. The spray of water that washes over the bow as the boat bounces through thechoppy water is another example of Homer?s close attention to detail. There isalso a merchant ship on the horizon on the right side of the canvas that thoughdistant still retains a great deal of detail. The sense of comfort and serenityon the boy?s faces is an interesting contrast to the expression of worry ontheir fathers face, but this worry clearly is not related to their situation onthe water. This work was completed towards the early part of Homers paintingcareer, and this is apparent by the look and shape of the water. As his lifeprogressed, Homer began to focus on the power of the water in the sea, and heearned a reputation for being one of the best painters of his time in regards tohis ability to capture the motion and and power of waves. In this painting thereis less attention given to the water causing it to have very general andundefined characteristic. This neutral aspect of the water gives the pai nting anover all feel of relaxation and comfort. Prown gives an interesting descriptionto this painting in in his book American Painting From its Beginnings to theArmory Show. In this book he states: Breezing Up is a seagoing version of Snapthe Whip. The boys exert a mutual effort for their common delight. One adult ispresent, briefly privileged to share their pleasure. The day is sunny; the airand water are alive. Wind fills the sails, and the boat fairly shudders as itdrives through the choppy sea. The thrust of air against the canvas pulls everyline taut, and hands work to hold this living machine, quick with the breath ofnature under control. (Prown 87). This is a nice description of the work. Itseems that one of this paintings main focuses is the pleasure and beauty ofchildren in nature. BibliographyPrown, Jules. American Painting From its Beginnings to the Armory Show. World Publishing. Cleveland, Ohio. 1969. Winslow Homers Breezing Up Essay Example For Students Winslow Homers Breezing Up Essay The 1873 masterpiece Breezing Up, by Winslow Homer located in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC is an oil on canvas painting that measures 23 3/13 X 38 1/6 in.. The primary subject of this painting is a man with three boys in a small wooden sail boat that is moving along with what appears to be a fairly choppy sea. At the center of this painting is the stern of the sail boat. The oldest of the boys is sitting on the high end of the stern with his knees up and his bare feet planted flat on the deck in order to keep him from slipping down into the water. This image forms a powerful triangle in the center of the painting. We will write a custom essay on Winslow Homers Breezing Up specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The boyÃÆ'†¢s use of only one hand on the tiller line combined with his relaxed posture suggest that he is very much at ease with his responsibility of steering the boat. His face is only visible in a semi-profile view which exposes his chin, left cheek, and eye socket. These features are well defined against thick layers of puffy clouds which are lingering over the water. Like the others in the boat he is facing away from the setting sun which causes the light to reflect off the back of his long sleeved shirt and hat. Just to the boyÃÆ'†¢s right is the man in the boat who is presumably the father of the boys. His seated position below the deck allows the viewer only to see his face shoulders, arms, and hands. His red long sleeved shirt is the brightest color in the painting, and his calloused hands show strength as he holds the halyard firm in the cleat with a fully extended arm. Of the four people in the boat he is the only one with a troubled look on his face. According to David Prown this is a very common characteristic in HomerÃÆ'†¢s work. He says: Although the adults of HomerÃÆ'†¢s world seem isolated, his children frolic together in a cheerful world of laughter and mutuality. For Homer, growing up seems to imply a loss, a fall from paradise, removal from happy, carefree innocence and high spirits to a serious, lonely existence in which each man is an island unto himself. Prown 86 This is the perfect description of the expressions of the people in this painting. The children are clearly relaxed and content, but the father has an expression that suggests that he has something weighing heavy on his mind, and that he is receiving only temporary relief as he relaxes on the water with his sons. The other two boys are relaxing up towards the bow of the boat. The older of the two is stretched out across the deck covering the width of the bow with his leather shoes hovering inches over the water. The youngest of the boys is sitting up right on the deck with his feet resting inside the boat and he has a pleasant look of deep thought on his face. Clearly all of these boys are relaxed and content with their surroundings. Numerous fish inside of the boat suggest that this group has had an afternoon of fishing and recreation. They are not dressed for serious fishing, so there is a good chance they are out there strictly for leisure. A building off the bow on the distant shore is barely visible, and combined with the long shadows of the setting sun, it seems that they are heading home. Homers soft blue sky and puffy white clouds take up 2/3 of the canvas, leaving only the bottom third for the water and the horizon. The sky is completely empty except for a lone gull whoÃÆ'†¢s wings are lit up by the sun as is hovers directly in line with what appears to be a tiny illuminated sail of another boat on the very distant horizon. Homer also has an uncommon ability to recreate curves just as they would appear in nature. .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 , .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .postImageUrl , .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 , .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:hover , .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:visited , .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:active { border:0!important; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:active , .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401 .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa2cad14558ebf8f341f0a59bbd9f401:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gustav Klimt - "The Kiss" painting EssayHe uses this ability to capture the shape and form of the rolling waves in the sea, by even more than that he uses it to capture the human experience. The use of the sunlight as it reflects off the cloths of the people in the boat adds to the realistic nature of this painting. The wrinkles of white cotton shirts of the boyÃÆ'†¢s are accented brilliantly as the sun illuminates and caused shadows on different parts of their arms. The four people in this painting express more with their body language that they do with their facial expressions. Particularly the curve of their backs is evidence of their state of relaxation. In the children there is no evidence of tension in their bodies. This is in contrast with the fathers posture where tension is quite evident. The viewers position directly off the stern of the sailboat is a privileged one. It allows Homers style of American realism to be truly revealed. The exact details of the small wooden boat are astonishing. He captures everything from the stitches in the sail to the twist of the lines. Even the grain of the wood in the hull and the mast are perfectly visible. The attention to detail is magnificent. The use of light and shadows across the sail form a drastic contrast. This contrast gives the viewer a real feel for the way the sun is shinning across the water. The spray of water that washes over the bow as the boat bounces through the choppy water is another example of HomerÃÆ'†¢s close attention to detail. There is also a merchant ship on the horizon on the right side of the canvas that though distant still retains a great deal of detail. The sense of comfort and serenity on the boyÃÆ'†¢s faces is an interesting contrast to the expression of worry on their fathers face, but this worry clearly is not related to their situation on the water. This work was completed towards the early part of Homers painting career, and this is apparent by the look and shape of the water. As his life progressed, Homer began to focus on the power of the water in the sea, and he earned a reputation for being one of the best painters of his time in regards to his ability to capture the motion and and power of waves. In this painting there is less attention given to the water causing it to have very general and undefined characteristic. This neutral aspect of the water gives the painting an over all feel of relaxation and comfort. Prown gives an interesting description to this painting in in his book American Painting From its Beginnings to the Armory Show. In this book he states: Breezing Up is a seagoing version of Snap the Whip. The boys exert a mutual effort for their common delight. One adult is present, briefly privileged to share their pleasure. The day is sunny; the air and water are alive. Wind fills the sails, and the boat fairly shudders as it drives through the choppy sea. The thrust of air against the canvas pulls every line taut, and hands work to hold this living machine, quick with the breath of nature under control. Prown 87. This is a nice description of the work. It seems that one of this paintings main focuses is the pleasure and beauty of children in nature.

Essay Sample on Art The Conceptual Art Revolution

Essay Sample on Art The Conceptual Art Revolution Art has always been arises out of previous art, pertinacious survival, and development of traditions. The succession of step from Impressionism, through Cubism, Matisse and Mondrian, up to Abstract Expressionism could be seen as a development of the means and possibilities of painting itself. The Minimal and Conceptual art from the 1970s through to the 1990s. Over these years art become a big revolution. Conceptual art forms differed from the general background and practices in at least three different areas of art-making activity which were painting, sculpture, and photography. Conceptual art broke with traditional notions and uses various ways and forms, it was no longer necessary for paintings to be primarily coloured, flat, or for sculptures to be upright or have volume. Its could be words, light, people, air, sound, refuse, multi-media installations and much else besides. In works that were generally receptive to mass-media, then, was not merely a set of art objects for visual delectation and assessment, but also like accumulating ideas that backwash in the larger context of our culture. During that period conceptual art emphasized ideas more. And it seemed more historical and critical approached. Conceptual art forms around cultural, political, and social content. Conceptual artists were reacting against the visuality of the conventional art object in a different way. Their works show the rejection of visuality. The concept and idea are behind the purely visual style which is more important. During sixties, artists tend to be reductive and austere in their way of presentation. For example, Robert Barrys work projected the slides with typed words or short sentences. Lawrence Weiner painted short statement directly on the wall. In the works, the visual elements of an artwork art challenged, and obviously the text expands, and the contextual element becomes a focal point. The subject of the work becomes reflection on the conventions and it seems self-questioning about how it displayed and communicated. Somehow, conceptual art expanded criticizes the materiality of the art object. And increased emphasis on the thoughts, which broadest possibilities of public. Its often use a context to display. During the mid to late 1960, There were several conceptual artists like Lawrence Weiner, Joseph Kosuth, Robert Barry, in their works they were making of art in the very different way like they use form of written or printed texts, this kind of art grasp the special function of texts in the context of visual art. These contextual factors related to the cultural forms of language, and also use critical and theoretical writing directly. But the most notably work is made by Marcel Duchamp. In other words, all art after Duchamp is conceptual because art only exists conceptually. Duchamps work is characterized a wide variety of media and explored of the boundaries of previous art. In his work the ideas instead of the objects; its a revolution of notion that effect remarkably the later generations. His notorious work Fountain was a manufactured urinal which is readymade. He is played with the relationship with the idea, object and vision. The reception of the Fountain into the museum made people think that the object is not matter, the thought matter. He is created the new thought of the non-object. The process to making art and the thought which is the artist try to emphasis not the object. The way he is display art-the readymade compare to the varieties visual art that come before which were anti-aesthetics and also very new for the audience. It was exaggerated the impact of these ideas on the community of later artists. Some conceptual artists believed art exists in the artists mind and ideas not just in the object itself. Therefore produce objects and develop it that becomes pure ideas. Lawrence Weiner was translate the intellectual content with non-object, began to work in purely art context. He was trying to find out the relations between materials and ideas. He always uses words and phrases adhered to gallery walls and taking the forms of a short printed statement to represent an expansion of the notion of sculptural materials, and equivalent to the more technical proposition. His statements are distinguished by studied neutrality, produced by their linguistic form. During the 1970s and 80s, his works rapidly became more self conscious and graphically stylized. His work evolved from paper to the wall, from the particular space like a gallery to more public location. Hes even painted a statement or the context about social political and culture of the city on the walls of the streets. His install ation work incorporated the public into the work. For example, Joseph Kosuth was alone considered space, and thus by implication, materiality to be kind of irrelevant to his work. In fact, he attempts to put the concept behind his art work to the widest audience. And his ideas and art become more public. He used a stylistic or object based concern to influence his art. Kosuth was insistent that the object is irrelevant to art. He had practiced based on the idea. He had progressed from reality to idea, from image to abstraction. It becomes an idea and then an idea which obviously becomes infinitely circle. His famous works: art as idea as idea also is his art practice and creative process. Apparently he emphasized more about the concept in the art work then either reality or image. But the object always persists. In his work he uses different versions into the same physical object and emphasizing the conceptual relationships and disparities between it. Its redefinition the visual image. Eventually, materiality is unavoidable. Kosuths philosophical conception lagged behind Weiners notion of language as sculptural material. Weiner was keeping the conceptual aesthetics that struggling for direction. And in the same time his translation of intellectual content with non-object, began to work in purely art context. Hes trying to find out the relations between materials. He always uses words and phrases adhered to gallery walls. He was taking the forms of a short printed statement to represent an expansion of the notion of sculptural materials, and equivalent to the more technical proposition. His statements are distinguished by studied neutrality, produced by their linguistic form. During the 1970s and 80s, his works rapidly became more self conscious and graphically stylized. His work evolved from paper to the wall, from the particular space like a gallery to more public location. Hes even painted a statement or the context about social political and culture of the city on the walls of the streets. His installation work incorporated the public into the work. Barry was concerned with visibility. And his work was invisible, yet emphatically material. He used invisible materials to draw attention to the method and style in which the matter has been redefined by different ways. So he has broken the traditional assumption of visibility.

Fredrick Expression of Allegiance to the Declaration of Independence Essay

Fredrick Expression of Allegiance to the Declaration of Independence - Essay Example He had been invited to speak concerning what the Fourth of July signifies for America's black community, and although the initial part of the speech congratulates what the founding fathers accomplished for America, in general, the speech slowly graduates into a condemnation of the American society and the slavery. This is because he related to slavery for he was once a slave before he escaped. His uncertainty towards the American public and the independence depicts his allegiance to the idea, although he thinks it bleak for the black community. Douglass begins his speech by addressing the president and the fellow citizens in attendance. It is noteworthy that Douglass counts himself a citizen, at par with the rest of the spectators in the audience. All through this oration, including his life, Douglass exponents equal justice and rights, as well as nationality, for blacks. He begins his speech by modestly excusing for being panicky in front of the audience and makes an acknowledgment that the journey to freedom was a long one considering his trifle along the way. He addresses the listeners for the gathering, which was the Fourth of July, nevertheless prompts them on the idea of the nation young, and is capable to transform in the coming years. By this, he implies the country is still on the road to the establishment of a great country. He actually believes the independence was gained, however not for the black population that is still in dire need of freedom. Douglass conceives the independence was a good advance by the founding fathers; nevertheless, they still have to extend the freedom clause in actions and treatment of the black population.

Compliance managment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compliance managment - Research Paper Example In this way the organization or institution gets to limit damages and manage the risk posed by non-compliance. In the compliance management scenario some regulations and policies were violated. The patient’s health information is expected to be handled confidentially but Mr. Stephen’s health information got passed on to his family members and its privacy was lost. In addition there is the issue of information storage that was handled incorrectly. As a result, the phone number indicated in the patient management system that could be used to reach Mr. Stephens is different from the one in the electronic health records. The first step that the compliance management officer would do is to ensure there are documented details of the entire scenario for clarity purposes. It would then be recommendable to assess the extent of damage in order to ascertain the appropriate next step which would in this case be compensation of Mr. Stephens to avoid litigation. However, if Mr. Stephens was to refuse the offer, then the clinic legal advisor would have to be contacted to engage in the legal dispute. This scenario is a violation of compliance as the organization regulations require patient information to be handled with care. Non-compliance here applies when the health records of the patient get mixed up and the health information of the patient gets passed on to the wrong recipient. Regular review of patient information would ensure that incorrect entries are identified and corrected therefore avoiding an occasion where patient information gets passed to the wring person (Lekatis, 2012). In addition, an appropriate framework should be developed that would ensure clinical staff are taught on compliance and on better clinical documentation ways. In the workflow, key compliance issues, such as confidentiality and caution when handling patient

Discuss the importance of children making choices Essay Example for Free

Discuss the importance of children making choices Essay Issues that could be considered might be that the children are young and can’t make up their mind enough, even though it’s good to let children make choices the adults are to support the child helping and reassuring the child. Some children are more confident playing in a set activity; any child who is not as confident has to be helped and giving motivation to help their development. â€Å"Children like to feel the same as others; living with a medical condition may make a child feel different† Tassoni p, (2007) childcare and education 3rd edition page 60. When giving children the opportunities to make choices you make them feel in control and help to build up their self-esteem, children need to make choices to develop their understanding of the world and know how to handle their self, not encouraging them to make choices might lead them to misbehave or rebel. Choices enhance their imagination; play can consist of amusing or imaginative activity for independent play or with others. The rites of play are evident throughout nature; it helps in their social development. In a classroom it’s important for the children to choose what activities they would like to do, according to Piaget’s constructivist principles if they can make their own decision they will be self-motivated and they will not feel the need to break rules behind the teachers back. â€Å"Play often entertains props, tools, animals, or toys in the context of learning and recreation. Some play has clearly defined goals and when structured with rules is called a game. Whereas, some play exhibits no such goals, nor rules and is considered to be unstructured in the literature. † http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Play_(activity) A1 – Describe how practitioners can encourage children to direct their own play. â€Å"For play to be empowering children must be allowed to take control of their own play rather than follow what adults want them to do† Tassoni p, (2007) childcare and education 3rd edition pg. 318 Practitioners would have to provide activities that would encourage children to play independently, letting the children choose what activates and equipment they want to use can help. When the children are playing on equipment a practitioner could ask the child â€Å"how are you supposed to use it† this will make the child show you, it’s good for a quieter child, encouraging them to take part in the play. When laying out activities or equipment it’s important that you are aware of spaces around, the children will not be encourage to play when an activity is not appealing to them. Make sure that there is enough room for the children to play around it. When choosing the equipment get the children involved let them choose what they would like to play. A practitioner should intervene when the children are choosing numerous activities let one child at a time get a say then the practitioner can make the final decision making sure you explain to other children why they could not have done that activity then. Creative play D1 – describe the activity You will need; 2 medium sized containers 2 different coloured paints Paint brushes (different sizes) Pasta (different shapes) Different colour sting Scissors Coloured paper Beads Glue Pour the pasta into the separate containers. Allow the children to paint the pasta. Use the different colour paint for each container. When they have finished painting, leave the pasta to dry. When they have dried the children can choose whether to make jewellery or use the pasta to decorate their drawings. D2 – what is the purpose or aim of the activity? Include the age of the children. This activity is for children aged 3 or 4. It will help to develop their hand and eye co – ordination skills, whilst making their jewellery, threading the string through the pasta. It helps develop their fine motor skills. It helps with their social development because they are working with other children and learning how to take turns. â€Å"Children need to feel secure, valued and loved without this emotional support; they find it hard to show co – operative behaviour. Attention seeking behaviour can be assign that a child needs more support† Tassoni p, (2007) childcare education 3rd edition page 44 This activity will also support their language and communication skills because they are talking to other children, telling each other what they’re making and who they’re doing it for. D3 – describe how the activity is set up to promote the children the children’s interest. Get the children’s attention firstly and tell them to come and help you set up the activity. When you’re choosing the paint ask the children what colours they want to use. Choose a child to pour the pasta into the containers, give all the children paint brushes to paint the pasta, supervise them to make sure they are all playing together and encourage all the children to take part in the activity. Once all the pasta has been painted take the trays and put them away to dry, explaining to them the next step of the activity. When the pasta has dried put them onto a table, (still in the containers) get out any beads that may be around and ask the children† who wants to make a necklace or bracelet†. You give the children the choice of what they want to make, while they are doing so interact with them, ask them questions about what they are making, keeping an eye out for the children that are struggling. â€Å"Play may also serve as a pretext, allowing people to explore reactions of others by engaging in playful interaction. † http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Play_(activity) D4 – health and safety considerations Consider any skin allergies of the children. They may not be able to use the paint. Make sure the children are supervised at all times when making the jewellery because the small beads are choking hazards. D5 – the adult’s role in stimulating play in this activity. During this activity the practitioner will play the role of the facilitator. The practitioner will be talking to the children asking them questions; â€Å"what are you making†, â€Å"who are you making it for† and helping the children if they need it. He/she will try and encourage the children who are having trouble and motivating them giving each child praise and acknowledging their efforts. D6 – explain how this activity provided for children’s choices This activity allows the children to make choices and be independent with their play when they’re making their jewellery they can choose whether to make a necklace or a bracelet and they will be able to choose what colour string they would like to use. They can also choose what shape pasta there are. C1 – description of a resource that supports spontaneity and choice The beads support the children’s element of choice because there are different beads of shapes and size a colour; it supports their spontaneity because each child’s jewellery will be different and unique. D7 – how does this activity meet the individual needs of the children? This activity can be for all children. Children with allergies may not be able to do the painting part of the activity. Children with learning needs can take part with the help and supervision of an adult because they might not fully understand what to do so the adult can support and encourage them. B1 – explain how the activity can be extended to meet individual play needs. To extend this activity you could use the pasta for different things. Getting a box and gluing the pasta onto it. Making pictures with the pasta. The children could use the left over pasta as food in a food tray. This activity is suitable for a child with learning needs because it’s supervised by an adult, the child will get help.

Chinese Paleontologists Create a False Fossil Link Between Birds and Di

Chinese Paleontologists Create a False Fossil Link Between Birds and Dinosaurs An article published in January of 2000, â€Å"All mixed up over birds and dinosaurs†, by Richard Monastersky in Science News Online seems to put an interesting spin on a corresponding article published about six months earlier in the scientific journal Nature. The article in Science News Online seems to imply that the article â€Å"A dromaeosaurid dinosaur with a filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China,† could be referring to forged fossils made up by Chinese scientists in order to provide the missing fossil link between birds and dinosaurs. The article was published on September 16, 2004, by Xing Xu and Wu discusses the actual scientific findings of the Archaeoraptor lioningensis fossil, found in the northeastern province of Liaoning, China of what is the Sinornithosaurus millenii dinosaur. Monastersky and other paleontologists seem to believe the fakery occurred in that the tail discovered for the dromaeosaurid is really a mirror image of the ta il of the Archaeoraptor. The articles present completely different sides of the story as one being strictly scientific and the other article presenting damaging information that could prove to be dramatic for the Chinese paleontologists that were apparently trying to make a quick profit off the findings. Some background information on dromaeosaurids is they’re poorly characterized meat-eating dinosaurs that are a group of theropods known to have the closest relationship to birds than that of any other specimen of dinosaurs. These dinosaurs are also thought to be among the fastest and most agile dinosaurs certainly aiding in their hunting of prey. These two key features along with the bi... ... just like everyone else, but with the ever emerging technological world it seems that that code of ethics could be diminishing in one of the world’s oldest fields of study. It is a very hard thing to control and debate, but certainly scientists should try and continue to be fair and honest as they always have been. Certainly it is easy to see from this example that a scientific lie may hold up at first, but after awhile people begin to catch on and in the end it just ends up ruining reputations and careers. Works Cited Monastrersky, Richard. â€Å"All mixed up over birds and dinosaurs.† Science News Online. 15 Jan. 2000. Vol. 157, No.3. Xing Xu, Xiao-Lin Wang and Xiao-Chun Wu. â€Å"A dromaeosaurid dinosaur with a filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China.† Nature. 16 Sept. 1999.

Australian Concepts: the Merry Go Round in the Sea

Australia during the wartime. The concept of Australia from the viewpoint of six year old Rob Coral at the start of ‘The Merry-Go-Round in the Sea', is not actually about the country itself, but one that Is solely based upon his Immediate surroundings. The security of his family and of the land that Is his home, are the things that provide him with safety and identity. ‘He thought, often, of himself, of who he was, and why. He would think: I am Australian, and wonder why. How had he come to be Rob Coral, living in this town? This quote is taken from the beginning of the book. Here Rob is cost and often struggles to define his own Identity. The continual presence of the large Nameplates clan that he belongs to is very important, as it signifies, what Rob comes to believes, is his place in the world. This quote is an example of the shelter and protection Rob feels with family. ‘After that, the boy stopped listening to his mother's warnings of doom. But because no cata strophe was possible which she would not have foreseen, he felt secure with her, he felt that she could thwart any danger, except the one danger he really feared, which was made up of time and change and fragmentary talk of war.Rob is engrossed in Geraldine, his home. The single connection with the outside world he has Is of the war, which links to him simply because of his cousin and Idol, Rick, and having to move homes every now and then. The importance and value of close family bonds is a fundamental Australian belief that is still held today. Family is where we draws our base set of values and beliefs, and the frequent visits and gatherings Rob shares with his tens of aunts, uncles, grandparents and cousins Is one of the elements that define his world.Australia is depicted in hundreds of literary texts by images of the ‘bush' and outback. The landscape portrayed in most of the novel is set in more rural areas of Australia. Randolph Stow, the author, goes into a large amoun t of detail describing the scenery with Its sights, smells and sounds, as demonstrated by the following quote: ‘In the summersets along the dry creek that wound almost to the river at Install, cockatoos swirled like torn paper, catching the light. Rising from one tree, they flashed and screeched across the tiger striped sky to another, a quarter of a mile away.They Infested the tree like migratory fruit-blossom, flapping, tearing, and relining. ‘ Almost all of the descriptions are positive, planting the land In a beautiful and attractive light. The frequent mention of native animals and plants, FIFO together Walt ascriptions AT ten vastness Ana emptiness AT ten eternal Is unleaded Australian. Rob's life throughout the novel revolves around school, the beach and most importantly, his cousin Rick. It is the relationship between the two that supports the entire novel.The effect of Rick's character is complicated, as we see him largely through Rob's point of view. Being abse nt for half the book, his character can be official to grasp. While Rob adores and dollies Rick, the adults in the family are continually criticizing him after his return from the war. ‘Rick was immature. He was lazy. He was a narcissist. He used dirty language. He had stayed at the very bottom of the army. He refused to be a farmer. He talked like Hitler about the Bomb. He looked bored and miserable when he was with people Rob liked†¦ Before leaving for War, Rick had been a golden boy, but he never lived up to the family's expectations in the end. Although the war had a shattering effect on Rick, both physically and psychologically, it was this that lead to the development of his character; his loss of innocence and carefree attitude. He came home a changed man. While Rick's best friend Huge, whom he meets in the War, has managed to put the impressions of the War and its impact behind him and move on with life, memories of War continue to haunt Rick long after he returns home.Although this change in Rick's character is obvious to young Rob, he continues to admire his cousin. Quotes from the end of the book Justify this. ‘Rob's love for Rick was like an ache in his body,' and ‘He (Rob) seems o be trying to turn himself into a carbon copy of Rick,' Margaret Coral said. † Towards the end of the novel, Rob's perception of the world, his concept of Australia, has changed. ‘The world the boy had believed in did not, after all, exist. The world and the clan and Australia had been a myth of his mind, and he had been, all the time, an individual. In Rick's words, ‘Families and countries are biological accidents. ‘ Rob is forced to question the idea that although everyone comes from a family and country, it doesn't provide us with any identity, and everyone is an individual. As the novel progresses, Rob starts to doubt the beliefs of his family, beliefs that he had never challenged before, mainly due to Rick's actions and reactions after experiencing life so close to death, and his decision to leave Australia forever. ‘Look, kid,' Rick said, ‘Eve outgrown you. I don't want a family, I don't want a country.Eve grown up, and I'm on my own. ‘ Rick was turning his back on his home and as Rob's idol, forcing Rob to consider a life outside of what he had always known. While a great deal of ‘The Merry- Go- Round in the Sea' goes into detail featuring and ascribing the landscape, ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll', another popular Australian story, does the opposite. Being a play, the dialogue is the main thing that drives the plot, but with the novel, a variety of different scenes and settings is easier to portray. Setting in the play consists of only two locations, both indoors.The time periods of both stories are different, with ‘The Merry- Go- Round in the Sea' set during the wartime and depression, while ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll', a few years after. This co ntributes to the different behaviors and way of life of the harassers in the stories. The main similarity between the two texts is the symbols of the kepi doll and merry-go-round. Both are recurring motifs in their own stories. The kepi doll is a representation of the relationship between Olive and ROR, two main characters in the play.Unmarried, and taking the chance to see each other for only Twelve months every year, tenure Is never any progress In tenet relations anon t doll signifies the fragility and artificial bond between them. Olive wants to keep their relationship the way it is, like a teenage romance. The doll is flawless, but its refection is fake. The merry-go-round has similar significance. It too, is a symbol of perfection, of Rob's ideal world. At the beginning, it is one of Rob's greatest desires to learn how to swim to what he believes is the ‘merry-go-round in the sea', which is really the mast of a sunken shipwreck.When Rob asks his mother, ;Why? Why can't w e go there? ‘ , she answers with, ‘Oh- because of the war. ‘ This leads him to dislike the war, in addition to it also taking Rick away and causing change in Rob's life and home. He imagines that when the war is over, he will swim to the merry-go-round, Rick will return, he'll move home, and things will be perfect. However, this is not the case. The last sentence of the novel reflects the change from start to end of the story, and Rob's growth towards maturity. He thought of a windmill that had become a merry-go-round in a backyard, a merry-go-round that had been a substitute for another, now ruined merry-go-round, which had been itself a crude promise of another merry-go-round most perilously rooted in the sea. ‘ The major themes of time and change are shared in both stories. ‘The world would revolve around him (Rob), ND nothing would ever change. He would bring Rick to the merry-go-round, and Aunt Kay, and they would stay there always, spinning and di ving and dangling their feet in the water, and it would be today forever. This quote demonstrates Rob's aversion to change and time's unceasing forward momentum. He wants everything to be the way it was before Rick went to war, and this is also symbolized by the merry- go-round in the sea. This fear of change is identical to Olive's feelings in ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll'. Even after seventeen years of no change and progress, Olive is tuck in a time warp, wants to keep things the way they are and continue acting like a young adult.She is afraid of commitment and not feeling youthful anymore, causing her to cling on to her young and innocent kepi dolls for security and comfort. ‘Olive (to ROR): ‘l want what I had before. You give it back to me; give me back what you've taken. ‘ When things start to change in the seventeenth summer, Olive doesn't react well and by the end of the play, she is left with nothing. The tradition of metathesis, although frequent in other countries as well, is a very rage part of Australia and the bond between its men.The ‘outback man' is a famous Australian icon that is incorporated into thousands of movies, poems, novels and songs. The strong, very masculine impressions they exude of power, pride and being ‘one' with the land is a famous and commonly used Australian stereotype. Both Rick and ROR in the texts radiate the ‘outback man' persona. They are strong, much more physically than mentally and both are very tough. The metathesis between Rick and Huge is very deep, largely because of what they shared through the war.When in a fife and death situation, the trust and loyalty between the men had to be strong, and the experiences they went through together is something neither will forget easily. ‘The skeleton of Hugh McKay lay on the floor. ‘Rick,' Hugh said, breathing painfully. ‘I drank your water. ‘ ‘That's all right. ‘ ‘No, no- bastard of a t hing to do. ‘ ‘Don't be stupid,' Rick said. What's a mate for? ‘ This quote reveals how meaningful are on the verge of death. This metathesis is similar to that of ROR and Barneys in ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll'.Although their bond may not have been as deep, hey still relied on each other a lot during the cane season up North where they worked as cutters. ROR and Barney have the same loyal and ‘got your back attitude, which, even though it comes into question, proves to be strong by the end of the story. While ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll' is similar to ‘The Merry Go Round in the Sea's' themes, symbols and characters, the poem, ‘My Country by Throated Mackerel is comparable to the novel through images of Australia's landscape. Depictions of its beauty and magnificence are plentiful in both texts.The book concentrates on a mall area of Australia because it is where the action takes place, whilst the poem gives a picture of Austra lia as a whole. Mackerel's attitude in ‘My Country is enthusiastic and positive, while Stows is more restrained. There is similar imagery between the two texts in some descriptions. ‘l love a sunburns country; a land of sweeping plains' refers to Australia's vast, brownish-red land, and its sun drenched weather. A vision like this is also expressed in the novel. ‘The hills and soils were red- brown and stony, brownish purple in the distance. Australia is often represented by TTS landscape and so it is not common to find that different texts have described the country in comparable ways. Stow has masterfully captured the atmosphere of growing up in Australia in the sass's. The concept of Australia explored by the novel has reinforced my perceptions of the land. Its conception of the landscape, what it means to be Australian and whether it is possible to outgrow your country has broadened my outlook and even question a few of my own values. It raises profound issues that cause readers to stop and consider what it really means to be Australian.