Cultural diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural diversity - Research Paper Example The countries/regions included in this paper are the United States, Great Britain, Middle East, India, Pakistan and Philippines. The paper further examines how Islam differs from Christianity and Judaism, and how these understanding affect the Muslim to non-Muslim relations. Finally, the paper proposes ways in which these relations can be improved. In order to have an idea about the teachings of Islam, this section briefly discusses the five Pillars of Islam. The first is the Declaration of Faith (Shahada), which is the belief in one God and Prophet Muhammad. Prayer (Salat) is the second pillar which emphasizes that observant Muslims have to pray five times in a day (Arab American National Museum (AANM), 2011). Prayers should be conducted at dawn, mid-day, mid-afternoon, at sunset and nightfall. These prayers can either be performed individually or in groups. The third tenet is Fasting (Soum). Ramadan is considered to be a holy month by Muslims. They believe that Prophet Muhammad got his first revelation during this month. Therefore, Muslims use this period to reflect and pray, and at the same time trying to correct their mistakes. Therefore, during this period, all Muslims are expected to fast and pray (AANM, 2011). Fourth, there is the pillar of Charity (Zakat) which requires that all Muslims have to give to charity every ye ar. This giving is usually done during the month of Ramadan, and the specific amount to give depends on the financial capabilities of the individual. The final pillar is Pilgrimage (Hajj). According to this pillar, all Muslims who have the financial and personal capability must perform the hajj once during their lifetime (AANM, 2011). All pilgrims wear white garments to in order to create a sense of equality before God. Currently, it is estimated that more than three millions pilgrims arrive in Mecca every year for the hajj. In a research conducted by the Pew Research Center (2011) on Muslim Americans, the results show

Domestic Violence Essay Example for Free

Domestic Violence Essay Before I answer to this question, let me tell you a short story. Her friends describe Maria â€Å"as the perfect girl†. She is beautiful, she is working and she has many friends. However, Maria has many problems in her family. Her father is alcoholic and he is not working to feet his family. So, Maria and her mother are doing two or three jobs each in order to earn enough money to survive. Her father was hitting her and her mother almost everyday. One day one of Maria’s friends that know what it was happening report this situation to the police in order to help Maria. When the police ask Maria if she believes that there are any signs of Domestic Violence in her family, her answer was just like that â€Å"Of course not, no one rape me or my mother or my little brother.† I am here to talk you about Domestic Violence and specifically what it is, how common it is and some basic signs of identifying it in everyday life. In 1993 the Home Affairs Select Committee (HASC) Report on Domestic Violence used the following definition: â€Å"any form of physical, sexual or emotional abuse which takes place within the context of a close relationship. In most cases, the relationship will be between partners (married, cohabiting, or otherwise) or ex-partners†. So domestic violence can affect many aspects of someone’s life. It is more likely to acts against women more than men. Crime survey found that 45% women and 26% men had experienced at least one incident of inter – personal violence in their lifetimes. This means that women affected almost twice as much than men. Domestic violence is repetitive, life – threatening and can destroy the lives of women, children and men. I will be concentrating on how common is domestic violence nowadays. The association for domestic violence prevention in the family was founded in Nicosia on the 25th July 1990. The association is an non- profitable organization. An Administration Body of 9 members also administrates the association. The goals of the association are prevention of use in the family, immediate help to victims in the family, shetter to victims of family members and provide information and generate awareness of the public for the problem of domestic violence. According to the statistics 20% of the murders are due to family violence, generally speaking the police signify two events of domestic violence murders a year. In 2009 8 out of 19 murders are family-violence murders. 85% of murderers are men and 15% are women. 36% of victims are men and 54% are women. We have seen until know how common is domestic violence between sexes but it is very important to highlight some points that can help you to recognize an abusive act or relationship. All forms of domestic violence, psychological, economic, emotional and physical come from the abuser’s desire and control over other family members or intimate partners. Although every situation is unique, there are common factors that link the experience of an abusive relationship. Acknowledging these factors is an important step in preventing and stopping the abuse. This list can help you to recognize if you, or someone you know, are in an abusive relationship. Firstly, is the destructive criticism and verbal abuse like shouting/mocking/ accusing/name/calling verbally threatening. Secondly, the Pressure tactics like sulking; threatening to withhold money, disconnect the telephone; lying to your friends and family about you; telling you that you have no choice in any decisions. Thirdly, when they show to you disrespect for example putting you down in front of other people; not listening or responding when you talk; interrupting your telephone calls; taking money from your purse without asking. Also when breaking your trust, for example lying to you; being jealous and having other relationships. The most serious forms of domestic violence is the sexual and physical violence. Using force, threats or intimidation to make you perform sexual acts or having sex without want it. Punching, slapping, hitting, biting kicking and so on are part of the physical violence. Maria now, knows that the problems that she was having are fall in Domestic Violence. Now she can realize that rape is not only the main cause of it. She and her mother report her father in the police. But even though Maria she is never going to forget what it was happening to her all these years. Further to my analysis of what Domestic Violence is, how common it is and what are the basic signs of it I will show you once again which are the statistics about reported facts of Domestic Violence in the UK. 1. One call about Domestic Violence every minute†¦ 2. 1,300 calls each day†¦ 3. 570,000 every year†¦ After all now you know what Domestic Violence is. Next time you are asked what Domestic Violence is †¦., now you Know the answer.

Characteristics of a Good College Student Essay -- essays research pap

My name is Joshua I am a 20-year-old college sophomore at Georgia Perimeter College. I eat very well, which I have found is in complete contrast with my college peers. According to the National Health Awareness, has an overall average 30% for US colleges and Universities college students tend to skip one meal a day. Most college students don't even know what a healthy diet is, and a large percentage of students who are aware of proper nutrition choose to ignore it. One must have a good diet, learn to plan a good diet by sticking to a consistent routine, and stay away from fast food diet. At Georgia Perimeter College students are unaware of what exactly a good diet is, bad eating habits are unavoidable. The first step to a good diet is eating regular, well-balanced meals. So I found out that the Food Pyramid Guide is the simplest way of balancing my meals. It separates foods into groups and graphs the amount of each group needed in an average person's diet. Students who desire to improve their bad eating habits should study the Food Pyramid Guide. Along with the Food Pyramid Guide, proper consumption of water, vitamins, and minerals is a very important part of a good diet. The Food and Drug Administration recommend 8 glasses of water a day equal to about 1 pound a day. I, along with most of my peers, have a problem consuming this massive amount of tasteless water. Tea and juice can help fill this quota. One of the major problems I have found at my college students diets, as far as beverage consumption, is coke and greasy food. College students are attracted to coke be cause it is easily accessible, cheap, and tasty. Coke may be convenient, but it is not part of a good diet. It is full of sodium, sugar, and caffeine. Dehydration i... ...students have is with fat-free snacks. All low-fat foods have something to replace the fat. That replacement is usually made by sugar, which is high in calories. So, snacking on Snack Well's Devil Chocolate Brownies rather than Chips Ahoy Chocolate Chip Cookies is not watching the diet. Or maybe Mac Donald or Pizza either one is increasing your chance of staying unfit and unhealthy. One tip that I have found that works well for my college life is that I only keep healthy snacks in my locker. Granola bars, baked chips, and fat-free popcorn are a few examples. My favorite module is if I do not have it, I cannot consume it. A second tip- before I eat I think about it. I also ask myself am I really hungry. I often avoid impulse snacking by simply asking myself these two questions. These are just a few easy steps that college students can use to avoid bad eating habits.

Climate Change Denial and the Media Essay -- Global Warming Cover-Up, 2

"The pace of global warming is accelerating and the scale of the impact is devastating. The time for action is limited - we are approaching a tipping point beyond which the opportunity to reverse the damage of CO2 emissions will disappear." -- Eliot Spitzer "Global warming isn't a prediction. It is happening." -- James Hansen Climate change, specifically in reference to C02 Emissions released by human use of fossil fuels and their consequential effects on the environment, is perhaps one of the most pressing issues we, not just as Americans, but as human beings face in our lifetimes. Though it may sound like a sensationalist statement the facts are hard to deny. In May of 2013, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported that atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide surpassed 400 parts per million (ESRL Global Monitoring Division News Items). Experts in this field estimate that a â€Å"safe level† of atmospheric C02 concentration is around 350 million parts per million (400 Ppm CO2: What It Means). It should also be noted that the last time the Earth had this level of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere was 3 million years ago when it is estimated that sea levels were around 80 feet higher (Prinn).Yet despite these circumstances climate change represents just 1% of all media headlines (Project for Improved Environmental Coverage). Entertainment, which makes for 3% of headlines, received three times the coverage of environmental issues (Project for Improved Environmental Coverage). When the environment does in fact receive such scarce coverage, the issue of climate change is often times covered under a guise of false objectivity. A valid argument can be made that the media has failed the public on the i... ...tical Space Association, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. Kaplan, Joel. Objectivity & Balance: Today’s Best Practices in American Journalism. Publication. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2014. Kovach, Bill, and Tom Rosenstiel. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. New York: Crown, 2001. Print. Prinn, Ron. â€Å"400 Ppm CO2? Add Other GHGs, and It’s Equivalent to 478 Ppm.† Oceans at MIT. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6 June 2013. Web. 09 Dec. 2014. â€Å"Project for Improved Environmental Coverage.† Project for Improved Environmental Coverage. Project for Improved Environmental Coverage, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2014. Eliot Spitzer Quote http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/global_warming.html#H2fdTgav5l6VVGt8.99 James Hansen Quote http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/global_warming.html#H2fdTgav5l6VVGt8.99

Globalisation ; Video games

I am sitting in a small coffee shop on Nanjing Road in the heart of Shanghai's central business district as I write this post. As I look around me the energy of this metropolis is palpable. There is a sense of optimism and a can-do attitude that is remarkably similar to what I experience in every vibrant economy worldwide. There is another common thread. Gaming is pervasive. Wherever I look, whether in the coffee shop or in the subway or bus station, people are enjoying video games and immersed in their phone, tablet, or laptop.Last week, I expounded on the first of three secular orces that I believe are changing the videogame industry and today seems more relevant than ever to discuss the second one: globalization. The global software market for video games was approximately $52 billion in 2012. In Just the last 8 years, the emerging markets have gone from 12% to 47% of the market size and are growing at a compounded annual rate of nearly 30%. While the growth is broad based, countr ies like China, Brazil and Russia are on a tear, growing upwards of 100% in categories like Android and iOS.In most of these markets, consoles are a very small art of gaming today, though that is also starting to change as even countries like China are re-evaluating long held policies on allowing consoles. As I look at technological and game play trends, it is my strong belief that the market for gaming is going to sustain this growth for many years to come and in most cases even accelerate. However, with globalization comes a very different set of technical challenges. Companies can't simply replicate their success in western markets with a â€Å"rinse and repeat† of existing strategies for new geographies.Companies that simply ranslate their products verbatim and release it into new markets will fail. To succeed, you have to think global but act local. What does this mean in the context of videogames? Each country is different in its gaming patterns, consumer behavior, infr astructure, commercial norms and local regulations. Different aspects of the game have to be tailored for local playing conditions as though the game was built from the ground up for that market.A few examples: New game content that has local relevance and appeal Architectural changes that cater to local infrastructure, such as accounting for expected network latencies and packet losses. Introduction of different business models such as free-to-play Respect for local commercial norms, such as Konbini in Japan or Boleto Bancario in Brazil Expansion of the backend platform to support local offers, promotions and pricing changes Even though videogames are prevalent around the world today, there are cultural nuances that are extremely important to react to when it comes to delivering digital entertainment and services.It's not Just about marketing products differently (which is also very important) but the technology backbone that goes into supporting these titles also needs to adjust f or he country or region you're in. Everything from payment systems, gameplay mechanics and monetization strategies could be different. One such example is Plants vs. Zombies, a spectacular tower defense game from PopCap that has a massive consumer base in North America.It has had remarkable success in China with its Great Wall edition which was released on mobile in China with local content, consumer data plans (26 and 36) and local network topology. Another example is FIFA Online 3 which was recently released in Korea and is based on the game mechanics of the popular FIFA 13 console game but tailored for the local market. It has already broken records with 2. 4 million players in Just the first four weeks since launch.It's a format that works better for that market and gives us the opportunity to deliver one of our core franchises to a new audience. Global connectivity has expanded the opportunities for our industry while also completely changing the demands on our technology infra structure. I have to be thinking global with every decision I make. My next post I'll address what I see as the final secular force – social connectivity. In the meantime, I'd love to hear how going global in business impacts your day-to-day.

Criminal Mind essays

Criminal Mind essays Every person in this world is odd, but when we do something wrong, we feel remorse. There are some of us that do not feel guilt for doing even the most horrible things. These people are called psychopaths. One wonders what can drive these people to act this way. Can we as a society do anything about these people? Psychopaths are social predators who charm, manipulate and ruthlessly plow their way through life, leaving a broad trail of broken hearts, shattered expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret. Their bewildered victims desperately ask, Who are these people?(Hare) Although we think of psychopaths as serial killers and murderers, most of the two million psychopaths in North America arent murderers. (Konrad) Most of them are in most respects regular people. They are people that we see every day and don't think twice about it. Only 5 percent of all psychopaths in America are the Aggressive type. These people are the classic Eddie Haskell of society. They play a part so that you think they are what they really arent. They make you think that they are moving up in the world or that they are very sweet just so that you will trust them, which only leads. To them cheating you. The common psychopath is a person who might have many girlfriends at once and fake commitment in each of the relationships. He or she may be the person that can assure you that they have a foolproof plan of a get rich quick thing and then they will scam you and take your money. Of course in all of the situations that psychopaths and sociopath lie, cheat, or steal from someone they do not think twice about the way that this would leave the poor victim. They would take the money from a man that needed it for surgery or medicine and care less what happens to him. If confined and forced to seek help or apologize, they will apologize but they will be telling a lie. Sociopath tends to be wanderers, or ...

Simple Pendulum Lab Report Essay Example

Simple Pendulum Lab Report Essay Example Simple Pendulum Lab Report Paper Simple Pendulum Lab Report Paper Essay Topic: Simple The relationship between the length and the time for one swing (the period) has been researched for many centuries, and has allowed famous physicists like Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilee to obtain an accurate value for the gravitational acceleration g. In this report, we will replicate their experiment, and we will try to find an accurate value for X here in Pisa. We will then compare this value with the commonly accepted value of 9. 806 m/so [NIST, 2009] A CLOSER LOOK AT OUR VARIABLES In this investigation, we varied the length of the pendulum (our independent arable) to observe a change in the period (our dependent variable). In order to reduce possible random errors in the time measurements, we repeated the measurement of the period three times for each of the ten lengths. We also measured the time for ten successive swings to further reduce the errors. The length of our original pendulum was set at 1 00 CM and for each of the following measurements, we reduced the length by 10 CM. THEORY A simple pendulum performs simple harmonic motion, i. E. Its periodic motion is defined by an acceleration that is proportional to its displacement and directed awards the centre of motion. It can be shown that the period T of the swinging pendulum is proportional to the square root of the length I of the pendulum: T -4112 (Hypersonic, 2009), with T the period in seconds, the length in meters and g the gravitational acceleration in m/so. Our raw data should give us a square-root relationship between the period and the length. Furthermore, to find an accurate value for g, we will also graph TO versus the length of the pendulum. This way, we will be able to obtain a straight-line graph, with a gradient equal to rug-1. EQUIPMENT AND METHOD For this investigation, we had access to limited resources; clamps, stands, a meter ruler, a stopwatch, a metal ball (a. K. A. Bob), and some string. The experimental set-up was equal to the diagram, shown in figure 1 (Practical Physics, 2009). As stated earlier in the introduction, it was decided to measure the time for ten complete swings, in order to reduce the random errors. Clamp These measurements would be repeated two more times, and in total ten successive lengths were used, starting from one meter, and decreasing by 10 CM or each following measurement. String A meter ruler was used to determine the length of the string. One added difficulty in determining the length of the pendulum was the relative big uncertainty in finding the exact length, since the metal bob Tripod Stand added less than a centimeter to our string length, measured from the bobs centre. This resulted in an uncertainty in length that was higher than one would normally expect. The table clamp was used to secure the position of the tripod stand, Metal bob while the pendulum was swinging. After the required measurements, one experiment was carried out to find the Figure 1: Diagram of the set-up for this experiment degree of damping in our set-up. Damping always occurs when there is friction, but exactly how significant the degree of damping in our experimental set-up was, remained uncertain. Depending on the degree of damping, it may or may not have a significant effect on our measurements. All measurements were taken under the same conditions, using the same metal bob, the same ruler, in the same room, and at approximately 26 degrees Celsius.

Structureâ€Based Design and Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones as Flavopiridol Mimics The WritePass Journal

Structure–Based Design and Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones as Flavopiridol Mimics Conclusion Structure–Based Design and Synthesis of 2-Benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones as Flavopiridol Mimics Introduction Experimental ProcedureResultsConclusionRelated Introduction Flavopiridol, a well-established inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK’s), is currently undergoing clinical trials. The inhibition of CDK’s, which are involved in the cell division cycle, is a vital goal in anticancer agents and therefore having potent drugs which can selectively inhibit these is crucial. One of the aims is to synthesize 2-benzylidene-benzofuran-3-ones so that they are more potent at inhibiting some of the CDK’s but also selective in nature, something which flavopiridol lacks. To date falvopiridol has been found to inhibit CDK’s 1, 2 and 4 all with the same potency. Flavopiridol acts on the CDK2 enzyme by mimicking the actions of the purine group of ATP. It is the keto and hydroxyl groups of the compound which form the same bidendate hydrogen bonds with the backbone of the CDK2 residues as the nitrogen atoms of the purine functional group of ATP. Having obtained this information it was clear to see that some variations of the benzafuranone structure would be able to mimic the interactions that flavopiridol has with CDK’s. The main objective of testing structural analogues was to obtain new CDK inhibitors that are more selective in discriminating between CDK2 and CDK4. Different substituents were attached to the phenyl ring, with modelling suggesting that a hydrogen bond acceptor group in para position would interact favourably whereas a bulky and positively charged para substituent would have a detrimental effect on CDK2 inhibition but not for CDK4. Experimental Procedure The derivatives of benzafuranone are synthesized in a set of continuous reactions starting with the acid-catalysed condensation of dimethoxy phenol and 1-methyl-4-piperidone in acetic acid. This produces an unsaturated derivative at 62% yield which is then followed by hydrogenation and treatment with chloroacetyl chloride and aluminium chloride to produce a derivative at 50% yield. The compound is then condensed with 4-bromobenzaldehyde to produce a derivative at 41% yield. Finally the aryl bromide derivative is reacted with 1-methylpiperazine and pyridinium hydrochloride to produce a benzofuranone with one R group being the methylpiperazine and the other being a hydrogen group at a 40% yield (8). The compound 8 and 4 others with different R groups were tested in kinase inhibition assays to see their effect on CDK’s 1, 2 and 4. Results The derivative with both R groups being hydrogen’s (4), proved to be as potent as flavopiridol at inhibiting CDK1 but not as effective against CDK2 and CDK4. The variation of potency of the derivative shows that there was a difference in the sensitivity between the enzymes. Moreover it proved that the synthesized benzofuranone derivatives whilst being potent maintained the high selectivity which was desired. When a chlorine atom was added at the ortho position on the phenyl ring the potency generally went down against all the CDK enzymes. The reason for this is that due to the presence of the chlorine there is some steric hinderence preventing the favourable conformation being adopted. Two other compounds which contain SO2NH2 and NO2 respectively as their R groups proved to be more potent than the first derivative in inhibiting CDK1 and CDK2. Both compounds contained hydrogen bond acceptor groups in their para positions and so this acted favourably in terms of conserving lysin e residue in the enzyme. The reason for a lower potency against CDK4 was due to the lack of conservation of lysine. The slight increase when a sulphonamide group was present as opposed to a nitro group is the result of its additional capacity to donate hydrogen bonds. Compound 8 was again more potent than the derivative with two hydrogen groups as the side chains. This was more prominent in the inhibition of CDK1 as there seemed to be a greater amount of repulsive interaction with the lysine at the 89th position. There wasn’t any noticeable difference in the potency between the compound 8 and 4 due to the ability of compound 8 being able to access the free solvent space due to the replacement of the lysine (at the 89th position) by a threonine. Conclusion The compounds obtained from the generalised structure of 2-benzylidene-4,6-dihydroxy-7-benzofuran-3-ones showed inhibitory characteristics which are true of flavopiridol mimetics. Through careful manipulation of the structure it was possible to increase the inhibitory potency against the CDK1 and CDK2 enzymes and obtain selectivity against CDK4 due to the lack of conservation of lysine. However it was often difficult to increase the inhibition at CDK4 due to shape of   the ATP binding site which prevented favourable interactions between the ligand occurring.

Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geology - Essay Example The major islands and island groups consist of Turks & Caicos, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Antiles (Greater and lesser) 2. How likely will eruptions occur on these islands? Are there any where it is more likely in the near future? Explain. According to Chamberlain (2007) there was a volcanic eruption at Montserrat. It was postulated that because the eruption did not cause a lava shell to claps and as such there is the risk that this could cause additional pressure which could theoretically cause a more powerful blast at the same location however it is not clear if any place near to this location would erupt in the near future. There are conflicting reports as to the likelihood of there being a volcanic eruption in the near future however it is likely that at least some time in the future there will be some sort of volcanic eruption. 3. What is a supervolcano? According to the United States Geological Survey (2009) a supervolcano is a volcano that is capable of an eruption that ejects deposits that are greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers. Although there are not many of these supervolcanoes on the planet there is a tremendous amount of stored energy that has the potential for massive consequences should the volcano erupt. 4.

Business Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Business Social Responsibility - Essay Example As the attitude of society concerning the commercial activities began to change with the beginning of 19th century, it led to gradual growth of capitalism and strengthening of corporate potency. The businesses were allowed to utilise fully the resources of society for the generation of uttermost profit. Thus, the corporations exploited their employees, customers and suppliers without any due considerations for social welfare. Luthans et al. (1990) illustrate that businesses assumed no specific social responsibility in that era and remained concerned with maximisation of economic gains without respite. They also elaborate that the situation aggravated when firms entered into competition with each other in the pursuit of market supremacy and wealth maximisation. The most important factor contributing to the precipitation of corporate barbarism in the 19th century was the fact that there happened to be minimal or negligible government regulation over the corporations that led to a socially irresponsible behaviour on the part of businesses. Hence, the society soon lost trust in capitalism and economic instability cam to prevail at a wider scale. Luthans et al. (1990) explain that the notion that businesses should be regulated by government for socially responsible behaviour emerged and uprose soon after that, which led to the imposition of government restrictions on corporations concerning social responsibility. The infliction of laws and regulations for the perpetuation of social responsibility among the corporations led to the great extent a change in the attitude of corporate world towards society. These laws initially prevented the businesses to cause any harm or damage to the society during its course of profit maximisation. Hence, government regulations seem to have played a great role in bringing about this 'socially responsible' behaviour, rather than the pure intention of social and human welfare on the part of the corporations. In the modern era, the concept of social responsibility evolved into the 'corporate social responsibility', which is a further enhanced concept embodying much more responsible behaviour than is required by law. Businesses should not only refrain from afflicting any harm to society as restricted by law, but also endeavour and strive within its possible capabilities for the betterment of society and the individual altogether, even when it is not circumscribed in its legal requirements. Bloom and Gundlach (2001, p142) as pinned down the term 'corporate social responsibility' as, "The obligations of the firm to its stakeholders; people and groups who can affect or a who are affected by corporate policies and practices. These obligations go beyond legal requirements and the company's duties to its shareholders. Fulfilment of these obligations is intended to minimize any harm and maximize the long-run beneficial impact of the firm on society" Thus, in this definition, the social responsibility of business encompasses a wider spectrum of a firm's responsibility. It leads a

Domain Name System in Different Jurisdictions Term Paper

Domain Name System in Different Jurisdictions - Term Paper Example According to (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, pp. 217-218), web addresses at Internet are acknowledged as domain names. The Domain Name System synchronizes the two main types of translations: website hostnames to IP (internet protocol) addresses as well as IP addresses into hostnames. The conversion of web-based IP addresses into website hostnames is indispensable if the remote machine presents confirmation or logging. In the working of the DNS, the Internet applications access DNS in the course of a resolver that is a software library connected by the application. A Domain Name System resolver interacts with one or more DNS servers to carry out these jobs on behalf of the application (Krishnan, 2004) and (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). Basically, there are two levels of domain names. The first level is known as the top-level name like that amazon.com or phoenix.edu. While a second level name will be amazon.com/books or fuel.ac.uk. The top-level names are issu ed by central nonprofit companies that inspect the issues and potential violation of trademarks. Undoubtedly, organizations that sell products and services using Internet require customers to be capable to reach them without difficulty; therefore it is most excellent when the URL (web address) relates the organization’s name. However, troubles occur when a number of organizations that have matching names struggle for the same domain name. For instance, if a customer wants to reserve a room at a Holiday Inn hotel and the customer opens the URL ‘holidayinn.com’, and he finds the website for a hotel situated in Niagara Falls, New York. On the other hand, to go to the hotel chain’s website customer needs to open this URL holiday-inn.com, which looks similar. Furthermore, a number of cases of disputed name previously registered in the courts.

Accrual Accounting Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Accrual Accounting Systems - Essay Example Project subject area and Angle description - Small to medium enterprises are major components of developed economies as they constitute 99% of the total number of business operations in these countries. Given the space that SMEs occupying within developed economies and their importance therein studying the methods by which these enterprises can utilise IT tools to maximise organisational efficiency and effectiveness, and enhance organisational performance, is extremely crucial. In direct relation to the aforementioned, accounting and organisational management scholars have determined that the right accounting software package can substantially contribute to organisational performance and the maximisation of efficiency and effectiveness (Hirst and Hopkins, 1998). Choosing the right accounting software is perceived to be one of the most challenging tasks that an entrepreneur faces in his professional career (Johnston 2003). This is especially true for small scale business operations wh ere owners often lack the resources and expertise beyond their core activities to the point that other functions are overlooked. However, the selection process is problematic, as is the subsequent implementation process. Problem to be Solved and Worth – Although, in this highly developed economy, there is hardly an SME which does not manage its accounts through the use of accounting software, few understand the imperatives of selecting the right package or the benefits of doing so.

Abu Dhabi Police Department Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abu Dhabi Police Department - Research Proposal Example The trend for standardization and integration has been reflected through the compliance to the requirements, various benefits which are normally observed through the provision of greater conformity within an organization, its effectiveness, and the overall efforts of developing separate systems of management. The management systems are usually treated as autonomous functions within organizations/ institutions. However, most of the professionals tend to think that it is possible to bring together and harmonise the three management systems: OHSAS 18001 OHSMS, ISO 14001 EMS and ISO 9001 QMS. This paper will therefore focus on the various management practices in the police department of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. In addition, a clear strategy for the implementation of an integrated system in the organization will be developed and outlined in the paper.... Abu Dhabi Police department is envisioned to become an effectual police force in the policing field which promptly responds to the needs of the society with a high level of training and integrity (Trent 1998, pp.32). In order to achieve the stated vision, the directorate is usually guided by a number of values which include: respect for human rights, honesty and integrity. In relation to this, the study will focus on finding out the quality management and the organization management. This will play a vital role in the development of approaches which will assist in the general performance of Abu Dhabi Police. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The Emirates population is expected to massively rise in the upcoming years. This is greatly attributed to the boom in the tourism industry. Therefore, crime rate is expected to go up as the population increases. Abu Dhabi police has established organizational change and quality management to deal with the expected rise in crime rate (Trent 1998). Despite the police department's involvement in quality management and organizational management, there have been limited suggestions / ideas on how to improve the general performance of the organization. 1.3 Purpose of the Study The study will access the quality management and change management in Abu Dhabi Police department. Having accessed the quality and change management, a number of recommendations will be provided in order to improve the overall performance of Abu Dhabi Police and ensure that it functions to the benefit of the general public. 1.4 Objective of the Study To find out the Quality management involved in Abu Dhabi Police department, To determine the change management involved in Abu Dhabi Police

Accrual Accounting Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Accrual Accounting Systems - Essay Example Project subject area and Angle description - Small to medium enterprises are major components of developed economies as they constitute 99% of the total number of business operations in these countries. Given the space that SMEs occupying within developed economies and their importance therein studying the methods by which these enterprises can utilise IT tools to maximise organisational efficiency and effectiveness, and enhance organisational performance, is extremely crucial. In direct relation to the aforementioned, accounting and organisational management scholars have determined that the right accounting software package can substantially contribute to organisational performance and the maximisation of efficiency and effectiveness (Hirst and Hopkins, 1998). Choosing the right accounting software is perceived to be one of the most challenging tasks that an entrepreneur faces in his professional career (Johnston 2003). This is especially true for small scale business operations wh ere owners often lack the resources and expertise beyond their core activities to the point that other functions are overlooked. However, the selection process is problematic, as is the subsequent implementation process. Problem to be Solved and Worth – Although, in this highly developed economy, there is hardly an SME which does not manage its accounts through the use of accounting software, few understand the imperatives of selecting the right package or the benefits of doing so.

E-business and Value Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-business and Value Chain - Essay Example This paper explains the firm’s e-business practices and the weaknesses in achieving full potential, giving recommendations on necessary improvements. Introduction Use of Radio Frequency Identification, RFID enabled FedEx transform the express delivery business and particularly its supply chain. Typically, a package would be picked by a FedEx agent and scanned then passed into the system bearing a unique identification number. This would then be taken to the sorting area or hub using a truck with other similar packages. The sorting centres would normally be over two football fields’ long with between 500 and 1,000 workers. Here, the packages would be sorted using conveyor belts system with a remote sensor. The multidimensional scanner would get the dimensions of the cargo including the length, height, width and also the weight of the packages for the determination of not only their sizes, but also the shipping cost. The scanner would read the barcodes on the package then paddles nudge the scanned package onto different belts based on their destination. Nonetheless, some packages could be sorted manually. Finally, the packages would be placed in boxes shaped in a way to ensure maximum efficiency in space utilisation in the plane. FedEx has a control centre that coordinates truck movements while still monitoring airplane and airport conditions. On reaching its destination, FedEx courier hand delivers the package, scanning it again so as to complete the transaction (FedEx 2012). RFID technology enhanced FedEx’s supply chain efficiencies. Q.1 The power of the Internet at FedEx FedEx was the first express delivery company to adopt e-business capabilities in its operations by availing package shipment information to its customers over the Internet (Hemmatfar, Salehi & Bayat 2010). The Internet defined the opportunity for attaining competitive advantage for those businesses that adopted the technology in their business operations. Smith, the founde r and President of the company had foreseen the change in the way of conducting business and interaction of people through Internet business. As such, its customers do not have to physically drop their parcels to the nearest location. Instead, they would order for pick up online or by calling. E-supply chain ensured that these customers access shipment status information when need arises from their desktop terminals. FedEx established a dedicated website and gives each of its customers a unique bar code that would individualise each shipment hence the convenience in tracking one’s packages referred to as FedEx InternetShip. Other than accessing shipping information, customers and recipients would print shipping documentation from the website. According to Harris (2009), FedEx’s PowerShip programmes of 1980s provided high sense of autonomy among its customers, providing the capability of preparing shipments, printing of barcode labels, tracking of packages status and pr oducing invoices, all without engaging any FedEx employee. With more advancement in technology, today, FedEx has adopted m-commerce strategies to provide its customers with wireless solution such as tracking package through the organisation’s home delivery and ground web enabled services. Through these personal data assistance, PDAs customers would virtually access tracking information from any location any time. FedEx entered into an agreement with w-Technologies Inc. that enabled the organisation make its website available on

Compare Enlightened Despotism with the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Compare Enlightened Despotism with the French Revolution Essay The Enlightenment, an historical period of the 18th and early 19th centuries influenced actions of absolute rulers. This movement also provided a framework for the French Revolutions. Enlightened despots believed that political change could best come from the ruler. Where as the French Revolution did many things, unleashed new forces, destroy old ideas, offered new promises. Not the Revolution itself, of course, but the people who made it. However, Enlightened despots were encouraged by the philosophers to make good laws to promote human happiness. Despots acted abruptly and desired quicker results. They were impatient with all that stood in the way of their reforms. In addition, they justified their authority on the grounds of usefulness, not divine right? Frederick II (Frederick the Great), the most famous Prussian absolute monarch and a military genius, pursued an aggressive foreign policy. In 1740 he seized from Austria the province of Silesia. His action culminated in a major European conflict, the Seven Years War (1756-1763), in which he was pitted against a powerful Europe. Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality, and applied them to their kingdoms. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education. Enlightened Absolutists believe that they had the right to govern by birth. Emperor Joseph II can be said to have fully embraced the Enlightened concept of the social contract. In contrast Catherine II entirely rejected the concept of the social contract while taking up many ideas of the Enlightenment. The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a pivotal period in the history of France and Europe. The Revolution is widely seen as a major turning point in European history-from the age of absolutism, to the age of the citizenry, as the dominant political force. Many interrelated political and socioeconomic factors contributed to the French Revolution. It fell to the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants, wage earners, and individuals of all classes who had come under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightment. It was and remains a system of ideas that are usually goal- directed. Most ideologies are, therefore, fundamentally political, bright descriptions of the means and methods by which the instruments of revolution, party, or government ought to be used for the purpose of social change. The French Revolution was the first major social revolution, of far greater dimensions and of deeper purpose. Elected to the Committee of Public Safety in July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) soon came to dominate that group, hence dominate the revolutionary government. He exhibited himself as a ruthless individual, incorruptible, dictatorial, impersonal, and determined to sweep away all who opposed the Revolution. He urged the war on against the monarchical powers of France, and he encouraged the Reign of Terror. The major causes of   French Revolution include the following: A poor economic situation and an unmanageable national debt were both caused and exacerbated by the burden of a grossly inequitable system of taxation and Frances funding of the American revolution, A resentment of royal absolutism; An aspiration for liberty and republicanism; A resentment of Manorialism (seigneurialism) by peasants, wage-earners, and to a lesser extent, the bourgeoisie; The rise of enlightenment ideals; Food scarcity in the months immediately before the revolution; High unemployment and high bread prices resulting in the inability to purchase food; A resentment of noble privilege and dominance in public life by the ambitious professional classes. In principle and by legislation, French revolution made the individual citizen the center of a new social order. The social order should, therefore, be designed to maximize this freedom, this personal liberty. References Spielvogel Western Civilization Volume II: Since 1500 (2003) p.493, 517. Scott, H. M, Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in Late Eighteenth Century Europe (1990), ISBN 0472101730.

Mental and Monetary Costs of Prom: Is It Really Worth It?

Mental and Monetary Costs of Prom: Is It Really Worth It? Prom is considered a rite of passage for most American teenagers in their junior and senior years of high school. It is considered a must-attend event, where memories are forever made. Students dress in high-end dresses and tuxedos, make-up, hair, nails and accessories for the girls, and fancy tuxedos for the boys. The financial expenses can be phenomenal, but is the experience really worth the costs? A newer trend in prom activities is the promposal, which can vary in cost depending on the choice in the way it is carried out. Some students opt for small tokens such as a small sign, a box of candy, maybe even flowers to ask a date to prom. Others choose to ask in a huge way, so that their prospective date will want to say yes. There have been students who have spent hundreds of dollars buying jewelry, having huge banners made, and even having flash mobs perform just to propose a date to prom. The typical attire for a young man at prom is a tuxedo. Tuxedos can be purchased or rented, depending on the budget and need. Haircuts are a must, as well as boutonnieres. In 2013, the cost for a boy to attend prom was $325 on average, which includes items such as a haircut, tuxedo, and boutonniere. [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)] In years past, it was customary for the boy to purchase prom tickets, which can sometimes cost up to $50 per couple, and a meal, which can run up to $100 depending on where the meal takes place. For females, the financial costs are typically higher. Dresses for prom are a must, and the more unique, the better. Uniqueness, can come at a price. Prom dresses in 1995 were listed at a wholesale cost ofÂÂ   $59 to $219. [Dianne M. Pogoda WWD. (Oct. 10, 1995): p14] Now, dresses can cost up to $500 depending on what style and designer is used. Hairstyling, nails, and makeup must be done. Accessories such as shoes, jewelry, and sometimes handbags must also be purchased. In 2013, the average cost for a female to attend prom was $633 [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)]. There are several prom expenses that are now split between the couple, including transportation and any post-prom activities. Transportation to and from prom was traditionally the responsibility of the young man, but in recent years the trend of renting limousines or unique party buses or cars has become very popular and is considered a shared cost. Costs for transportation rental can vary, but a figure from 2015 suggested that average rental of a limousine was $100 per couple. [Kaitlin Menza Choices/Current Health (May 2015)]. Party buses and other more extravagant travel arrangements can run higher. Post-prom activities can include any events that can be imagined. Tickets and photos are also now considered shared expenses. In 2013, shared costs equaled about $487 [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)]. On average, spending on prom can be very expensive for each household, and steadily rises every year. In 2013, prom costs per couple averaged around $1445, and costs have risen at a steady rate of 34% since 2011 [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)]. Based on these figures, this could push prom costs for the 2017 season past $3000. Parents reported in a 2015 Visa survey that they typically ended up paying close to 56% of prom costs while students earn money to pay for the other 44%. [Kaitlin Menza (May 2015)]. Prom costs can be very difficult for families with smaller disposable incomes to afford.ÂÂ   Many families must budget costs to fit into their finances, leaving families feeling stressed and teenagers worried about not fitting in or being able to enjoy prom to the fullest. Peer acceptance can be a major issue for kids, and not being able to afford the best of everything causes self esteem issues, or cause them to miss out on opportunities to make memories with their friends and fellow students. Some students avoid prom activities because they do not want to feed into the atmosphere of materialism that prom promotes. They see other students around them competing to be better than the rest of their friends in their attire and unique, over-the-top prom experiences and feel as though it causes too many problems socially. I personally feel as though prom as it is now is not worth the high price of attending. I feel like 20 years down the road the memory will be the same, no matter what I wear or drive up in. The actual time that students spend at the dance is so short, and I feel I would have just as good a time hanging out all night with a close group of friends instead of getting dressed in a tuxedo and riding in a limousine. I also know that a lot of times, kids use prom night as an opportunity to do a lot of things that could get them in a lot of trouble. Sometimes the decisions they make affect the rest of their lives, when they never really intended for it to. This even sometimes puts innocent people in danger. I just do not think that spending that much money is worth it in the end. References Cost of Prom Projected to Skyrocket to $1,900 in 2014 According to Golden Asp. PR Newswire, 26 Mar. 2014. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA362836604it=rasid=d1ae8648702ac135e71679319f9e315d. Accessed 3 Feb. 2017. Crosley, Sloane. American prom: awkward. Hilarious. Heartbreaking. Magical. The high-school prom is a very American rite of passage. Renowned photographer Mary Ellen Mark invites herself to the dance, capturing the poignant moment teenagers teeter on the edge of adulthood. Smithsonian, Apr. 2012, p. 68+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA294821420it=rasid=caa97e8bd07c8be19acf7b2e64607675. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. Menza, Kaitlin. Is prom $pending out of control? Choices/Current Health, May 2015, p. 2+. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA412981445it=rasid=9e38e078b178a32418c9899ab0a20cd1. Accessed 6 Feb. 2017. Pogoda, Dianne M. Prom seen dressing up profits. WWD, 10 Oct. 1995, p. 14+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA17570761it=rasid=035dcf244387607f979553e4533f0454. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017.

Americans that Terrorize Americans Essay -- essays research papers fc

AMERICANS THAT TERRORIZE AMERICANS With the cold war still thawing out and terrorism on the rise, there is a fear within the borders of the world’s greatest nation. This is a new kind of fear, especially in light of the recent attack on the World Trade Center, and even radical solutions are being considered. The United States for the most part of the last fifty years has felt an adequate sense of security from the â€Å"evils of the world†, but now that blanket of freedom has been threatened from within America’s own national borders. President Bush has vowed to track down every terrorist group in the war on terrorism, but the war needs to begin on United States soil. The solution to the war on terrorism is to start with educating the citizens of America about the terrorist organizations within United States borders, and stop American terrorist from terrorizing America. When an American terrorist threatens the freedoms of their own next-door neighbors, the current policies of policing the streets must be weighed. The threat lies within various groups that have been identified by the already established Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) about a month before the Oklahoma City bombing by McVeigh. These groups are overwhelmingly white, almost entirely Christian, and predominantly male. The group is called the Patriot Movement, which are compiled of members that are bitterly disappointed in what America has become. Experts estimate that about 200,000 Americans are active in the hate ...

Essay --

steps where addition of each iteration produces a higher generation of dendrimer (Tomalia and Frechet, 2001). The synthesis method used for dendrimer preparation permit almost entire control over the critical molecular design parameters such as size, shape, surface/interior chemistry, flexibility, and topology. The dendrimers can be synthesized by using three different approaches (Crespo et al., 2005). 1. Divergent approach 2. Convergent approach 3. Double stage convergent approach Divergent approach In this method, dendrimer grows outwards from a multifunctional core molecule towards periphery. As a result of this growth, each new iterative reaction is characterized by the generation of an exponentially increasing number of functional groups on the periphery and double the molecular weight than the previous layer (Vogtle et al., 1978). The reaction steps can be repeated to increase the size of dendrimers as required. Many problems occur from side reactions and incomplete reactions of the end groups that lead to structural defects. To prevent side reactions and for completion o...

Implant tractable ID chips in newborn babies Essay

Our company’s idea to implant tractable ID chips in newborn babies offers a revolutionary approach to effectively combat the high incidences of abductions of newborns and children, a menace against which eve police forces are finding themselves helpless. Once the chip is placed within children, their every movement can be traced to exactitude using the GPRS technology, making their abduction and subsequent hiding a practically impossible task. Apart from this, these IDs would act as a database for these children, containing their relevant medical, physiological and personal details, with provisions of constant upgrades. Thus doctors needs to only access children’s ID to know their history of previous medical complications and treatments, police officers can easily trace parents of a lost child and parents can keep constant vigil on the movement of their children even from their workplace. However, there are many exacting complications in successful rollout of this idea. It can be safely assumed that this concept would come under severe moral, ethical, and religious censure through the entire world. Many, if not all, would form organizations and international groups to canvass on social and legal platforms against our proposal to ‘tag’ human infants, and doubts would be raised on even our integrity, commitment and sanity. Moreover, the thrust of objection and criticism is likely to come from our own scientific intelligentsia, religious and spiritual gurus, intellectuals and similar eminent personalities. These estimated objections and criticism are hardly a surprising possibility, given world’s historical anathema against every new scientific invention or discovery, any path-breaking medicinal technology, or even against any idea that appeared contrary to its set of framed ideas and concepts. History is replete with evidences that from the time of Archimedes to modern day age of cloning, people have always approached every major scientific and technological breakthrough with skepticism, incredulity and more than often, downright hostility. We can see how strong the sentiments ran when Copernicus presented the theory that its Sun that is at center of solar system, and not moon and that world is sphere shaped, against what world had been led to believe (Hall, 1954). Later Galileo was humiliated by Roman Church on the same issue. We further see the way almost entire educated western society rose against Charles Darwin for his theory of evolution through natural selection and the stringent social and religious criticism he was subjected to (Hall, 1954). Even Einstein, one of the greatest human brains of all times, was not spared from hostile criticism and rejection when he denied the existence of gravity in his general theory of relativity (Hawkins, 1988). Technological innovations and many scientific inventions were treated with similar aggressive denial and denunciation. Whether it was construction of railway locomotives, invention of telegraphs and telephones, constructions of dams, introduction of vaccination techniques, advent of contraceptive pills, gene therapy or subject of cloning and stem cell research, a significant section of society always protested and rejected the concept on plethora of supposedly ethical and moral grounds (Thomas, 2005). It is futile to say that each of these innovations contributed to further advancement and growth of human society. The reason of this persistent fear of new technological innovations is that they defy and sometimes even break the existing concepts, perceptions and notions. Often these concepts and perceptions are embedded part of a social culture, and therefore their rejection is construed as a planned attack by scientists and technicians on the very foundation of the culture (Lyne, 2005). We cannot flippantly dismiss their fears, and overlook their arguments just because they happen to contradict our idea. Instead, we need to reach out to people, address their every valid question and dispel their remotest of the doubts related to implant of IDs in newborn babies. My own understanding of the issue says that we should move ahead with project because when people are presented with rational arguments and valid answers to their queries, their gravest arguments turns in staunchest of the support. Indeed, one of their first objections we are likely to face is ethical as well as medical propriety of inserting an unnecessary foreign object in the fragile body of a newborn. But as we maintain, this implant is done for children’s own security and safety. Further, the chip is especially designed in such a way that its implant would cause minimum distress for child and the implant can be done by any surgeon through a very superficial incision. The presence or location of the chip may very well remain unknown to child unless specifically told. Of course, implanting a foreign object in human body in itself is no more an ethical issue, especially after advent of pacemakers and artificial limbs. Rather a valid query may concern the possible radiation effect of the chip on child’s developing body, and whether that this radiation would impede or in any way alter hormonal or chemical composition of the growing child. But as our repeated lab tests and years of experiments have shown, the chip does not interfere with human bio- chemical growth in any way. It stays in the body like a neutral object, deactivated unless recalled for. Even upon activation, the signals emitted by chip are no more harmful than the fields of electromagnetic radiation surrounding us every second of our life. The final debate around our proposed chip would center on moral and ethical issue of tagging children. Is it right to tag children like animals are tagged in zoo and safari and then observed? Further, when these children grow up, they might become uncomfortable with the idea of being watched or remotely tracked for their every movement, and may very likely treat this an infringement of their privacy. But in my opinion, these objections are specious, and deviating from our main issue- that of stopping crime and providing a safe and secure world for children. Parents, and later on Children, may be given the option to remove or manually deactivate the chip, when they start to feel that it is more a burden than as a benefit. However, for that time that it is there, it is the best way to ensure infants are secure, safe and sound under their parent’s, physicians and teacher’s constant observation. It is the best way to completely eliminate the threat of organized abduction industry, and certainly it is the surest way to ensure that no child goes every lost or missing. I would reiterate therefore we should confidently move ahead with this revolutionary idea and usher in the new era of human-technology integration.

Ap Chemistry Free Response Answers

1. (a) I, III, and IV are correct. II is not correct. To explain III, de Broglie's equation states l = h/(mv), so nl = nh/(mv) = 2pi(r). Where: l = wavelength, v = velocity of electron, n = some positive integer, r = distance of electron from center, m = mass of electron. Solve, get mvr = L = nh/2pi. (b) The current wave mechanical model for the atom states that there are an integer number of wavelengths in every standing  integer number (n). 2. (a) The first shell electrons in Lithium are the closest electrons to the nucleus. In addition, there are proportionally more protons to electrons.This pulls the electrons even closer to the nucleus. And in Potassium, the outer shell electrons are a substantial distance from the nucleus. There are a greater number of protons than electrons; however, the large number of electrons dissipates the effect. This is in addition to Lithium being a much smaller neutral atom than Potassium because of the difference in the outer shells. (b) The outer shell for Cl is the same as Cl-; however, Cl-  has more electrons being  attracted by the same number of protons. This weakens the attraction per electron. Since the attraction is weaker, the electrons are farther from the nucleus.Since the attraction is stronger for Cl, the electrons are closer to the nucleus. (c) Although the normal trend is for the ionization energy to increase going to the right in a period, aluminum has a lowered ionization energy and magnesium has a raised ionization energy due to the electron configurations of these two ionizations. This reverses the order of ionization energies. (d) The ionization energy increases each time an electron is removed because there are fewer electrons attracted by the same number of protons while magnesium starts off at a relatively  high value because it begins in one of the preferred forms.The second ionization energy is lowered because losing an electron forms a preferred form and because of this, this is a smaller than normal increase in ionization energy between the first and second ionization energies. The third ionization energy is increased the most because it starts in the most standard form. When you combine this with a lower than normal second ionization energy, you get a very large increase in ionization energy. 3. (a) As you go to the right of the period, there are more protons in the nucleus.The greater attraction makes it more difficult to remove electrons and first ionization energy is the energy necessary to remove an electron from a neutral atom. (b) Although the general trend is to have Boron with a higher first ionization energy than Berylium, Boron's ionization potential is lowered and Berylium's ionization potential is raised, the order is reversed. (c) O loses one electron and makes it easier to remove the electron and lowers the ionization potential. For nitrogen, it more difficult to remove the electron and raises the ionization potential.And since Oxygen's ionization potentia l is lowered and Nitrogen's ionization potential is raised, the order is reversed. (d) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Li and also a lower ionization energy than Ne. Ne has the second highest first ionization energy of all the elements. â€Å"1s2†Ã‚  is the most preferred electron configuration. â€Å"s2  p6†Ã‚  of other shells are also highly preferred. Ne has the second highest first ionization potential because it’s â€Å"2s22p6†. 4. (a) The type of decay expected for Carbon-11 would be positron emission. 116C -; 115B + 01e (b) The type of decay expected for Carbon-14 would be Beta Decay as well. 46C -; 147N + 0-1? (c) Gamma rays have no mass or charge, so they need not be shown in nuclear equations. (d) Measure the amount of Carbon-14 in the dead wood and compare with the amount of Carbon-14 in a similar living object. 5. (a) 23494Pu -; 23092U + 42? (b) The missing mass has been converted into energy (E  =  mc2). (c) A line should be drawn curving downward from the path of the dotted line. This will represent the path of the alpha particles which are repelled by the positive plate and attracted by the negative one. A second line should be drawn upward from the path of the dotted line.This will represent the path of the beta particles which are repelled by the negative plate and attracted by the positive one. The line should curve more than the one for the alpha particles. A third line should be drawn as a continuation of the dotted line. This will represent the gamma rays. (d) Incineration is a chemical process. The only thing any chemical process can do is connect radioactive atoms to other atoms, which has no effect on the radioactivity. 6. (a) As you go down the column in the alkali metals, the outer shell electrons are farther from the nucleus.The attraction for the outer shell electrons is decreased and because the attraction is decreased, therefore the melting point decreases. (b) Intermolecular forces de termine boiling and melting points. Halogens are all diatomic, which means they bond with themselves. In these diatomic compounds, the only intermolecular force is  London forces. The larger molecules can form temporary dipoles easier than small molecules. The larger molecules as you go down the column have a greater attractive force. This increases the melting point as you go down the column. 7. a) As radius increases the heat of reaction decreases. Which means less energy released by ionic attraction. (b) As ionization energy increases the heat of reaction decreases, which means more energy is required to form M2+ while other factors remain unchanged 8. Metals are good conductors of heat, generally malleable, and react by losing electrons to form cations. They tend to have â€Å"s1†,   â€Å"s2†,   â€Å"s2p1†, or   â€Å"s2p2†Ã‚  as their outer shell. Most metals have just â€Å"s1†Ã‚  or  Ã¢â‚¬Å"s2†. Nonmetals are poor conductor s of heat, brittle, and gain electrons when reacting with metals to form anions.Nonmetals have either 3, 4, 5, or 6 electrons in the p subshell in addition to s2  of the same shell number. When the last subshell is a d, the outer shell is s2  of the next shell. Occasionally there will be only 1 electron in the s subshell and this explains when the transition elements are metals. When the last subshell is a â€Å"f†, the outer shell is s2  of the second higher shell and this explains when the lanthanides and actinides are metals. This proves how more than half of the periodic table are metals. 9. (a) â€Å"you have not learned this one yet† (b) â€Å"F2†Ã‚  has the highest  electronegativity  and  electron affinity.Thus it has the greatest attraction for extra electrons. F2   +   2e -;  2F  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1   This makes the reaction more likely to occur. â€Å"I2†Ã‚  has the lowest electronegativity and electron affinity. Thus it has less a ttraction for extra electrons making the reaction  Ã‚   I2   +   2e -;   2I  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1   less likely to occur. Because it can disperse the charge better, the reaction does occur. (c) The trend for alkali metals shows a very small variation in reducing strength without a real trend. Cesium has the lowest ionization potential and Lithium has the highest ionization potential. However, there is not a great difference in the alkali metals.

Summary Iroquois Chiefs Address the governors of new york and virginia Term Paper

Summary Iroquois Chiefs Address the governors of new york and virginia - Term Paper Example s of how they—the Iroquois—have rejected Pennsylvania’s offer to buy the Susquehana River, thus demonstrating the Iroquois’ loyalty to the Duke of York, The Iroquois chiefs are quick to point out, however, that when provoked, the Iroquois are like the â€Å"Wolves in the Woods,† thus explaining the number of hostilities that have occurred between the Iroquois and the English in Virginia and Maryland. Chief among these hostilities involves the Iroquois abduction of five young Indians, who were in the service of the English. However, as it’s pointed out by the Iroquois chiefs, all is well now as the Iroquois nations involved in the abduction have promised to return the five young Indians to their rightful English owners. Presently, the Iroquois chiefs thank the Duke of York whose intervention on behalf of the Iroquois has prevented the hostilities with Virginia from escalating. And to assure that peace will prevail between the Iroquois and the English, the Iroquois chiefs promise to bring the tribe the Cahnawaas, who are native to Maryland, into the alliance. In conclusion, the Iroquois chiefs acknowledge that it will be difficult for the Iroquois to fully commit to the English and shake off the French influence which was especially strong among the Iroquois nations of the Onnondagas, the Cayugas, and the Oneydoes. The Iroquois chiefs mention a French Jesuit by the name of Milet who had attained the status of Sachem (leader) within the Oneydoes nation and whose influence was so great that the other nations failed to persuade Oneydoes to part with Milet. Indeed, for all their present antagonism to France and the French influence, the Iroquois chiefs admit that they have a grudging admiration for the French Jesuits who would dare to live among their enemies for the sake of carrying out their sworn

Terror Risk Assessment and Counter-Terrorism Strategy Essay

Terror Risk Assessment and Counter-Terrorism Strategy - Essay Example A quick strategy that many governments adopt when confronting terror is one of deterrence. However, one academic’s discussion points out that deterrence is hardly an effective strategy, although it still is a crucial part of any comprehensive plan. Deterrence, in the case of Israel for example, requires extreme, â€Å"Draconian† measures for success and thus defies justice. Overall, the most effective form of deterrence may be an all-out assault on the leadership structure of a traditional terrorist organization, but little else can be done. (Radlauer) That said, the best counter-terror strategy is a readiness for a response after the movement of the attack begins, but before it can be effectively carried out. In a sense, this can be compared to structuring a vehicle to be durable and ensure the safety of its passengers in the case of an unavoidable accident.One of the most devastating possible terrorist attacks is the use of a biological weapon, as chemicals and diseas es are a threat to human life that can arrive undetected and cause massive loss of life from a small source. For potential terrorists, biological weapons present a method of destruction that requires a lower level of infiltration and effort with a high-yield result. A research fellow from the Center for Non-Proliferation Studies describes how the Israeli government’s counter-terror efforts in the realm of biological and chemical attacks present a model for the US government to follow when making policy.... Deterrence, in the case of Israel for example, requires extreme, â€Å"Draconian† measures for success and thus defies justice. Overall, the most effective form of deterrence may be an all-out assault on the leadership structure of a traditional terrorist organization, but little else can be done. (Radlauer) That said, the best counter-terror strategy is a readiness for response after the movement of the attack begins, but before it can be effectively carried out. In a sense, this can be compared to structuring a vehicle to be durable and ensure the safety of its passengers in the case of an unavoidable accident. One of the most devastating possible terrorist attacks is use of a biological weapon, as chemicals and diseases are a threat to human life that can arrive undetected and cause massive loss of life from a small source. For potential terrorists, biological weapons present a method of destruction that requires a lower level of infiltration and effort with a high-yield re sult. A research fellow from the Center for Non-Proliferation Studies describes how the Israeli government’s counter-terror efforts in the realm of biological and chemical attacks present a model for the US government to follow when making policy. He describes how the Israeli government provides a kit to all citizens, free of charge, consisting of a gas-mask and sterilization tools. This is part of an overall strategy that recommends keeping a â€Å"sealed body in a sealed room† during the event of a biological attack, and also recommends that citizens set the radio to a station playing only static while sleeping—this station is used by the government to broadcast warnings. However, these strategies may not be practical in the US, where society is not so

Should Military be mandatory after high school in the U.S Essay

Should Military be mandatory after high school in the U.S - Essay Example In the age of globalization and quick growth in professional management, America demands efficiency and professionalism from the young professionals. Above all, The U.S Military Selective Service Act (War Resisters International) addresses the need of mandatory military service for citizen. So, controversial discussions about the implementation of mandatory military service have caught the attention of public and media in recent years. Generally, people expects proper enrichment in patriotism, proper awareness about rights, duties and responsibilities of a civilian, training, mental and physical fitness among their after high school education. One can find a number of factors which hold up mandatory military service for young people after their high school education. At the initial stage we can see that the country faces severe challenges from international terrorism and economic depression. International community observes the political, cultural and socio-economic changes which happened in the United States. In this juncture, government needs or look forward strong citizens having patriotism and professional skills. Most of the countries have followed either conscription model or universal military training as a part of their national security. Paul Ruschmann rightly informs that; â€Å"America’s twentieth century drafts have followed the conscription model† (Ruschmann 22). Here, selected young men from a special category of those who are eligible and selected to serve the nation. However, young people can use this opportunity to hand round the nation after their high school education. Military service helps the people to comprehend the actual rights and responsibilities of a civilian towards his nation. It offers a precious opportunity for youth to be a part of the process of constructing a nation. At present, people are not aware of their rights and responsibilities towards the

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 41

Discussion - Assignment Example It is also worth mentioning that both the knife and electric water pump require to be operated manually and the operator has to do some ‘work’. Thus, in this case, the issue of laziness doesn’t arise at all. According to the BLS American Time Use Survey, A.C. Nielsen Co. conducted in the first quarter of 2012, the average American spends slightly over 5 hours a day watching television. While on the surface he figure looks staggering, it is important to note that the figure takes into account people beyond retirement age who while away entire days in care centres glued to the screen of television. The bulk of he productive population would typically watch television only when having dinner and during weekends. To them, this is more like a hobby than a lifestyle. As with regards to the use of technology and it making us more lazy,nothing can be farther from the truth. It is a matter of perception, which has evolved over time. Fifty years ago the word â€Å"hardworking† was directly proportional to the muscle one possessed and the amount of sweat shed and effort spent in the process. Today, one could achieve much more using by far less energy. A housewife could use tools like washing machine, dishwasher and vacuum cleaner and make her house sparkling clean within a short period of time. Without these, the same housewife would take a whole day performing the same tasks, and probably wouldn’t do it as well as he machines would. To sum it all up, I’d like to remind us that machines are tools meant to assist us in performing tasks and making our lives more comfortable. They are here not to replace us or do our jobs for us, but as tools at our disposal. Life would not be as comfortable or well-advanced were I not for machines. Let us embrace them and appreciate their usefulness in our daily

EU Law Enforcement Mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU Law Enforcement Mechanisms - Essay Example The paper tells that the Commission is the chief enforcement authority, with regard to competition rules, and it effects this through the Directorate – General for Competition. The Commission can initiate an investigation on its own. This could be on the basis of press reports or its investigation on the basis of the powers conferred upon it by Article 17 of Regulation 1/2003. In addition, cases arise from complaints made by individuals or admissions of having breached the rules by undertakings. Initially, the Commission will make an investigation into the claim. During the process of investigation, the Commission is empowered to direct undertakings to furnish information and conduct interviews. This measure is aimed at enabling the Commission to determine whether the undertaking has breached the law. Furthermore, the Commission has been vested with the power to search business premises and private homes, and impound pertinent documents. However, before making a search, the Co mmission has to take the permission of the national Court. Specifically, the Commission is empowered by Article 18(1) of the Regulation 1/2003 to instruct undertakings to provide information related to the infringement in question. A recent development is that the Commission relies on the statements made to it by parties. While providing information to the Commission, an undertaking runs the risk of incriminating itself. This violates the right against self – incrimination and the ECJ has accorded partial recognition to this right. Thus, this right applies to a party that has to reply under pain of fine. In case there is no fine involved, there is no such right, as the party is at liberty to ignore the direction of the Commission.8 Even if there is the possibility of a fine being imposed for remaining silent, the right is limited in extent. This was amply illustrated in the case Orkem v Commission.9 The Commission has the authority to decide whether a particular piece of info rmation is essential for establishing breach of competition rules. As a consequence, even if it has proof regarding such infringement, it can nevertheless, request for additional information.10 Such additional information could be necessary for describing the infringement in a better manner.. As such, with regard to infringements in the economic area, it cannot be assumed that an undertaking is entitled to withhold

Romeo and Juliet Act one scene one Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Act one scene one Essay He is a strong character who could bring about the end of the fighting where others failed. Looking at different versions of the play we can compare the character of the prince. In Baz Luhruanns modern day play the prince is portrayed as the chief of police, but the wide angles used and the height of the helicopter he is in still demonstrates a sense of power. This reinforces the power of the Princes threat and still indicates that the play will end in tragedy. Romeo is introduced at this point too, although he is not involved in the fight. We actually see him as the victim of unrequited love, and the audience is surprised to find that the object of Romeos affection at this point is not Juliet but Rosalind. We can see that in this play love is clearly a painful matter. Romeo is suffering for his love and this is portrayed in his posture and actions. Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, which thou will propagate, to have it prest with more of thine: this love that thou hast shown doth add more grief to too much of mine own. He demonstrates love sickness, whilst Rosalind, the girl toward whom his love is aimed, adopts a cool and disdainful attitude towards him. The audience is left to wonder how this love will develop although they are left with no doubt that Romeos love life will have a huge effect on the story. The audience is also left to ponder whether Romeo will follow Benvolios suggestion to forget this love. Be ruled by me, forget to think of her. The opening scene works well as an introduction to the play because it shows that the love affair in this play is going to develop against a background of hatred, a clever contrast of emotions. It begins with an exciting fight scene and ends with a declaration of love. It makes the audience question what will arise later in the play and ultimately indicates on the tragedy that is to follow. It is during this scene that the audience becomes aware that both the love scenes and the fight scenes will continue and mix throughout the duration of the play, leading to the tragic downfall which is how the play ends.   Jenny Irving 11F2 Romeo and Juliet Coursework Assignment Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one?

Abraham Lincoln The Man That Changed America History Essay

Abraham Lincoln The Man That Changed America History Essay This one man was able to fight for, work for, and love his country so much that he single-handedly brought about changes that had previously only been dreamt of. This astonishing individual accomplished more in 30 years than most men do in their entire lifetime. Perhaps one of the most remarkable men in the history of the United States, Abraham Lincoln changed the course of our history forever. On February 12, 1809, Nancy Lincoln gave birth to a son, whom she named Abraham. This child, named after his grandfather, was born in Hardin County, Kentucky. Abraham had two siblings, Sarah, who was two years older, and Thomas, who was three years younger. However, Thomas, Abrahams only brother, unexpectedly died shortly after birth. The Lincolns were not a significantly wealthy family; they lived in a log cabin, and Thomas Lincoln worked very hard for every cent he earned. In fact, Thomas had to take on two jobs, farming and carpentry, in order to support his family. Partly on the account of slavery, but chiefly on the account of the difficulty of land titles in Kentucky, Thomas Lincoln moved his family to Pigeon Creek, Indiana. (Lincoln Bicentennial). In 1716, after buying property, Abraham helped his father with much of the work involved in settling into this 160-acre piece of land. Just two years after the move, in 1818, the Lincoln family suffered yet another tragedy when Abrahams mother died from contaminated milk. Just a year after Nancys death, Abrahams father remarried a widow, with three children of her own, by the name of Sarah Bush Johnston. Abraham and his stepmother grew very close, and she treated him as if he were her own child. She encouraged him to grow in his knowledge and understanding of things, and was said to have started his childhood education. (Burns). Although Abraham had previously gone to school for a couple of months, he never had any inspiration to learn until he received this encouragement from his stepmother. If one put all of Abrahams schooling together, one would find that he received less than one year of actual school in his entire life. This means that Abraham Lincoln had so little education, that he could be considered a completely self educated man. He showed a special interest in books and reading and knew his Bible very well even though he never attended church. At the age of 19, Abraham Lincoln had grown into a man of 64 and was stronger than anyone in town, leading to his first job offer. The offer came from a man by the name of James Gentry, and it was to bring a shipload of cargo to New Orleans. After delivering the cargo, with James Gentrys son, on a boat Abraham had built by hand, James was amazed by Abrahams incredible skill and reliability. He asked Abraham to work in his local store, and Abraham jumped at the opportunity to make some more money. While working there, he would often hear men speak of politics; this sparked an interest, which slowly grew to a flame, in young Abraham. During this time, however, Abrahams sister, Sarah, died giving birth to a child, causing much grief in his life. Soon after her death, Abrahams relatives wrote his father, saying how greatly efficient and productive the soil in Illinois was. This inspired Thomas Lincoln to once again move his family to a different part of the country. (Lincoln Bicentennial ). This time however, Abraham did not stay with his family for very long. Instead, he went up to New Salem, Illinois, and life on his own had finally begun. Between 1831 and 1832, Abraham tried various occupations, and learned very much, including the basics of mathematics. However, when the Black Hawk War began, Lincoln was one of the first to enlist in the American militia. Abraham never saw any action personally, but he was still elected captain of his company. He served his men as best as he possibly could until the war ended, just a couple months later. Once safely back in New Salem, Abraham took on the job of postmaster, and was placed in charge of the local post office. As word of this honest, hardworking, and diligent man spread throughout Salem and the surrounding towns, Abraham acquired the nickname Honest Abe. During this time, Abraham learned more grammar and began to develop a formal and proper way of speaking. He decided to run for state legislature, ultimately beginning his political career, but lost to one of his rivals. This defeat did discourage Abraham Lincoln, but rather, drove him to persevere, strive for excellence, and be the best he could be. In 1834, Abraham made a second attempt at politics, and once again ran for state legislature, only this time, he won. He was representative of the state of Illinois and gained the approval and trust of many of his fellow countrymen. After he won the election, he took up the study of law. With his love of debating, storytelling, and reading, he found his calling in law and politics. (National Museum of American History). While he was a lawyer, Abraham Lincoln grounded his principles and opinions, especially those on slavery, making this an extremely pivotal point in his life. Lincolns years as a lawyer influenced his character, and that character eventually influenced our nation. (Kalantari). His ability to ease the witnesses, as well as the entire atmosphere of the courtroom, made him a great lawyer. For the next 25 years, Abraham served as a lawyer aside from his political career. The men and women of Illinois held such affection for Abraham Lincoln that they re-elected him three times over the next six years. In 1840, just after his third re-election, Abraham proposed to a woman by the name of Mary Ann Todd, whom he had met the year before. After breaking up and getting back together, they finally got married in November of 1842. Less than a year after their marriage, Abraham and Mary welcomed their first baby boy into the world, and named him Robert Todd Lincoln. For the next two years, Abraham not only continued to serve as state representative, but he also showed devotion to his family, proving himself to be a great father. In 1846, Abraham and Mary conceived yet another child who they named Edward Baker Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln enjoyed his time as the representative of Illinois, but it was not long before he realized that he was capable of much more. Impelled by this realization, Abraham ran for U.S. representative in 1847, at the age of 38. He won the election, but served in this position for only one term. Once this term ended, Abraham fell back on his career as a lawyer, and continued to study law books. For the next five years, Lincoln devoted much of his time to studying the issue of slavery as well. (Lincoln Bicentennial). During this time, however, Abrahams son, Edward, died at the young age of four. The Lincoln family took his death very hard and later learned it had most likely been due to a bad case of tuberculosis. In that same year, Mary gave birth to a third son, named William Wallace Lincoln. His birth guided the family through the struggle, and helped them to move on. Just three years later, in 1853, the Lincolns had yet another son, who they named Thomas Tad Lincoln. Their sons brought Abraham and Mary great joy, and Abraham was said to be a very loyal and committed father. In 1854, Abraham was again elected as state representative; however, he resigned in order to run for the U.S. senate. During his campaign, he gave a speech declaring the United States would either become all free or all slave because a house divided against itself cannot stand. It was after this debate that Lincoln received his first considerable national fame. (Abe Lincoln). Despite his national fame, Abraham lost this election. Undeterred, he made yet another attempt at the U.S. senate, in 1858, however, he was once again out-voted. Two short years later, Abraham Lincoln took the biggest step of his political career. That year, 1860, Abraham jumped at the opportunity to run for president of the United States. Not sure if he would make it or not, Abraham was campaigning against some of the top competitors in the country. After a long, hard, and stressful run, Abraham was finally elected the sixteenth president of the United States of America. Almost immediately after his election, southern states began to drop out of the union, angered by the new anti-slavery president. Eleven states ended up dropping out, and their anger eventually turned to violence in 1861, marking the beginning of the Civil War. The North fought for the abolition of slavery, and the South fought for keeping slavery. As the war raged on, Abraham Lincoln continued to fight for the right of all men as equals. Not only was Abraham fighting to free the slaves, but he was also fighting to reunite the North and the South. He believed that in order to stand, the United States had to join together as one country, instead of being a split nation. As the war neared it ´s third year, Abraham Lincoln issued one of the most important documents in history: the Emancipation Proclamation. The Proclamation declared that  ´all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforth shall be free ´ (National Archives and Records Administration). This document aided the northern states in the war by: allowing blacks to fight for the union army, redefining the civil war as a war of freedom, and strengthening the union soldiers mentally. The Emancipation Proclamation is quite possibly the greatest document of human freedom. (National Archives and Records Administration). As the war continued to be fought, Abraham ´s fourth year as president came near, and the time for elections came around. In 1864, Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as president of the United States. He continued doing his presidential duties just as well, if not better than before. A year after his re-election, Abraham and his wife went to see a show in Ford ´s Theatre, Washington, D.C. Around 10:00 p.m., an actor by the name of John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential booth, and shot Abraham Lincoln in the back of the head with a pistol. Abraham survived through the night, but died around 7:30 the next morning. Booth, motivated to kill President Lincoln due to disagreements on slavery, escaped, but was found and shot a few weeks later. Abraham ´s death only motivated more people to fight for the freedom and equality of all men and women alike. The very same year he died, the Civil War came to an end with the South surrendering. Due to Abraham Lincoln ´s perseverance and willpower, slavery was abolished, and America was made a free country. America ´s future had been set on a new path. The old life was thrown away, and a new chapter had begun for all Americans, black and white. Abraham accomplished more in his last few years than one could even dream to accomplish in an entire lifetime. Abraham Lincoln, one of the most extraordinary men to ever live, changed the future, lives, and hearts of Americans forever.

Why do bad things happen to good people? Essay -- Essays Papers

Why do bad things happen to good people? There is one question that everyone asks but to which no one knows the answer: "Why do bad things happen to good people?" The misfortunes of good people raise problems not only for those who suffer, but also for everyone who wants to believe in a just and livable world and in a fair and compassionate God. Rabbi Kushner, author of "Why Do Bad Things Happen To Good People", attempts to bring light to this difficult question. In doing so he evaluates past attempts to explain suffering, offers his own approach to the justification of suffering in today's society, and makes suggestions for how one can deal with suffering and continue his or her journey into the future. This essay will examine these rationales and will conclude with an analysis on how Kushner handles the four foundational sources for understanding the will of God through scripture, tradition, history, and modern context. Kushner evaluates past attempts to explain suffering and discusses why they are not satisfactory. One way in which people attempt to make sense of suffering is to assume that they deserve what they get, and that somehow their misfortunes come as punishment for their sins. This idea portrays God as a righteous judge who is all loving, all-powerful, in total control, and gives people exactly what they deserve. However, Kushner sees major limitations in this idea because it teaches people to blame themselves for their suffering and creates unnecessary guilt. In addition, he argues that it may even turn people away from God and cause them to hate themselves. Victims of misfortune also try to console themselves by believing that God has his reasons for making them suffer, reasons that they are in no position to... ...the scriptures in the Bible. Moreover, Kushner negates the traditional beliefs of scripture by using modern ideas of evolution to undermine the creation story, "In a description of Creation which is astonishingly similar to the evolutionary process as scientists have come to unravel it." (pg 72). This statement undermines God's supremacy and promotes Kushners idea of randomness and lack of control. Lastly, Kushner goes against tradition and historical practices of prayer when he insists that asking God for help and asking God to change things is wrong. Instead he suggests that people should change their understanding of what is means to pray and what it means to have one's prayers answered. Nevertheless, Kushner attempts to address the issues of suffering with deep insight and relies heavily on modern context to help people understand the painful events of this life.

Comparing A Streetcar Named Desire and The Glass Menagerie :: essays research papers

“A Streetcar Named Desire'; and “The Glass Menageries were written by Tennessee William in the late Thirties, where the depression made countless of people struggled in poverty. Both of the plays used the typical American family during the Thirties as the background setting. There were many similarities between the plays: including characters and events. Did Tennessee William write the same play twice? Or, did the plays each hold a different meaning underneath?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before analyzing the two plays, we must first analyze the characters. Blanche Dubois in “A Streetcar Named Desire'; and Laura Wingfield in “The Glass Menageries'; have a lot of similarities throughout the two plays. Blanche and Laura are both living in a separate world from other people. Blanch is living in a world of fantasies, while Laura is living in her world with all the glass Menagerie. Blanche seeks for desires and fantasies only because she feels she murdered her husband. Laura lives in her world of glass animals only because of a disease that gives her a slight physical defect. They are mentally and physically crippled, and they want to use illusions to deceive other people. In P.117 Blanch said “I don’t want realism. I want magic! Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth.'; Laura does the same thing, where she deceives her mother. She lies to her mother about going to the Business Collage, just like Blanche lies to everyone else about her past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In “The Glass Menagerie'; the unicorn represents Laura. She is different from all the others, and she would not be able to fit in with the others. She is too sensitive and shy, a very fragile being. Blanche in the play does not fit in with the rest of the people in the community either. She cannot tolerate the way husbands treat their wives in New Orleans, and she is shocked when Stella goes back with Standley after the Polka Night. The same thing happens to Eunice(Stella’s neighbor) a few scene after. In P. 63 Stella tells Blanche “You are making much too much fuss about this.'; And later says “it wasn’t anything as serious as you seem to take it.'; Blanche will never understand how, or why Stella would go back to Stanley because she doesn’t fit into their community, just like Laura will never fit into hers either.