Copywriter QA Getting Social With Dana Robinson - The Writers For Hire

COPYWRITER QA: GETTING SOCIAL WITH DANA ROBINSON Our resident social media guru Dana Robinson has provided businesses with blog and social media content for nearly a decade. Her career much like a social campaign or Instagram account grew organically, starting with newsletter and blog and social content for a single nonprofit client. Today, she manages blogs and social media campaigns for a variety of businesses. For this installment of Copywriter QA, we asked Dana to share some of her tips, strategies, and best practices. A few key takeaways: do your homework when it comes to choosing a management platform, and make sure you have a rock-solid social media policy in place. TWFH: For many companies, the most challenging part of social media is staying organized. Do you have any recommendations for management tools? DR: With social, there’s no â€Å"one-size-fits-all† solution. In general, the best platform depends on things like your goals and the size of your company. For small and medium sized businesses Hootsuite and Sprout Social are good choices: They’re affordable, and they’re a great starting point if you only need a handful of users for one or two platforms. On the other end, you have â€Å"enterprise tools† like Hubspot that are more appropriate if you’ve got 10 platforms and 100 users. The price point is quite different, too: An enterprise tool will cost $1,100 to $1,200 per month. Something like Hootsuite starts at $20. My advice is to do research on different platforms. Look at the price point, the number of users allowed, and the available features. Shop around based on what you’re trying to do. If you’re trying to grow a following, your platform needs to help you search for influencers. Or maybe you want a tool to help suggest content for sharing. They don’t all do those things. If you’re managing social media for multiple clients, you need something that has a robust client management support. If your main goal is to engage with your current audience or customer base, you need a good scheduling tool to make sure you’re reaching the right people at the right time with the right content. TWFH: Speaking of â€Å"the right content,† how do you figure out what, exactly, that is? How do you ensure that you’re driving traffic and creating engaging content? DR: I use algorithms to find out what keywords are trending. Answerthepublic.com is fantastic. You can type in something like, â€Å"downtown Houston† and it’ll give you all these fabulous ideas. It gives you the exact keywords so potential readers will find you.   Ã‚   You also have to know what works and what doesn’t. Sometimes, it’s trial and error; putting out a couple of different kinds of content and see what your customers are reacting to. Once you know that, give them more of that. Knowing when to say â€Å"no† to content is also a strategy. That’s a way to lose your audience: If six times out of ten, your content is something they’re not interested in, they’re going to stop paying attention. TWFH: What about reaching the â€Å"right people† on social media? How can you identify them and make sure you’re speaking to them directly? DR: This is another reason that you should have a good social media management tool. You want to choose a tool that offers good analytics; something that lets you extract the data and see who is interacting with your content and even when they’re interacting with it. This is especially important if your company has a marketing department you can use the data to sort users into groups and work hand-in-hand with marketing and develop content that appeals to each group. And a good calendar tool can help you deliver that content at right time. TWFH: Is there anything you try to avoid in social media campaigns? DR: I’d say to keep politics out of it. Also, social is very meme-heavy, and you have to be careful with that. Sometimes as a social media manager, you can think something is funny and put it out there and then find that it wasn’t perceived the way you meant it. My advice: Take a moment and ask, â€Å"Will this have good purpose if we post it?† In general, smaller businesses have a bit more freedom in this area: since the company is more closely tied to one owner or a few specific people; there’s more of a personal relationship there. But larger business really have to â€Å"stick to the script† social media is an extension of their advertising. All posts should be heavily researched and approved by your marketing department. TWFH: And what about employees and social media? How can companies make sure that everyone in the company not just marketing is sticking to the script where social media is concerned? DR: While your employee base can be wonderful tool, you also want to have fairly good control over how and where they use it. The last thing you want is someone from your company doing something on social media that damages your company’s brand or reputation or reveals trade secrets. Part of this can be eliminated by only allowing a couple of people the ability to post on your behalf. And of course, you need a social media policy. In the event that you can’t control what an employee does on social, you’ll at least have legal recourse. Your policy should be very specific, and it needs to be in writing. You should have your employees sign something, and even provide a half-day training session on your social media policy. You also need to provide training on company image and customer service. We’ve all seen what can happen when a customer has a negative experience. TWFH: Right, because you also have to think about how your customers are using social media. DR: Customers have phones in their pocket, and they can record a negative interaction and post it to YouTube. Everyone remembers seeing that doctor getting dragged off of that United flight. People are going to remember things like that and they’re not going to remember that expensive ad campaign you spent six months developing. This is why customer service has never been more important: TWFH: Are there any legal issues companies should be aware of when developing a social campaign? DR: Copyright laws. If you were to only ever post original content and images content that belongs to your company, you’d be safe. But no one does that everyone gets caught up in sharing social content. So you need to be aware of copyright laws and rules about attribution and permission. For example, if you’re using images from web sources, you always need to read license restrictions even if it’s labeled â€Å"Creative Commons.† A lot of people see Creative Commons and think, â€Å"Okay, I can use this.† But there are different licensing levels even within Creative Commons. Some of my favorite sites for images are Pixabay and Flickr. You can find great images, but they don’t all the same license. You absolutely have to read the license restrictions on each image to see if you have permission to use it and what kind of attribution is required. You also have to be careful with Instagram. On Instagram, all images are assumed to be proprietar y. So if you post an image to Instagram, it’s presumed to be owned by you. If it’s not your image, you need to have permission to use it. Another legal issue that’s kind of new: If your company does sponsored posts or works with influencers, you have to be aware of disclosure laws. The FTC has cracked down on those recently. Ads have to disclose themselves. That was not always the case, but it is now. So, for example, if an influencer is advertising your product they have to say, â€Å"This was given to me for free,† or they have to explain how they benefit from the sale of your product.

What to See in Texas for Architecture Enthusiast

What to See in Texas for Architecture Enthusiast Denison, Texas, on the border with Oklahoma, would have remained a sleepy little railroad town if it hadnt been for Dwight David Eisenhower being born there. The Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site is just one of the many out-of-the-way places to visit in Texas.The home state of former Presidents Bush and Bush (father and son) has a lot more than oil and cattle fields. For travelers who are architecture enthusiasts, heres a selection of historic buildings and innovative new construction in Texas. Visiting Houston The Transco Tower, the 1983 landmark skyscraper designed by Philip Johnson, is now known as the Williams Tower, the tallest skyscraper in town. Another skyscraper designed by Johnson and his partner  John Burgee is the building now known as the Bank of America Center, a 1984 example of playful postmodernism. Houston has historic skyscrapers from the 1920s and a Hilton designed by Pritzker Laureate I.M. Pei. NRG (Reliant) Park, including the Houston Astrodome and Reliant Stadium, is the place to see the worlds first domed sports stadium. Rice University Stadium on the campus of Rice University remains one of the best examples of a modern, open-air football arena. Visiting Dallas – Fort Worth Big D architecture is historic, cultural, and truly an American melting pot experience. The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River was designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas helped designed a fully adaptable, modern theatre space called the Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre. In 2009 the British architect Sir Norman Foster created a high-tech, traditional venue for the Arts District when he designed the Winspear Opera House. Chinese-American I.M. Pei designed Dallas City Hall. The Perot Museum of Nature and Science was designed by another Pritzker-winner, American architect Thom Mayne.   The George W. Bush Presidential Library was designed by postmodernist architect Robert A.M. Stern. Frank Lloyd Wrights last home constructed before his death was the John A. Gillin House, but that is not Wrights only mark on Dallas - the Kalita Humphreys Theater, also known as the Dallas Theater Center, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, who reportedly said, This building will one day mark the spot where Dallas once stood. History swirls near Dealey Plaza as the place in Dallas where President John Kennedy was assassinated; Philip Johnson designed the JFK Memorial. Outside activities in Dallas can revolve around the Dallas Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas - or any number of activities in the historic art deco buildings at Fair Park. Multi-cultural artist Volf Roitman brought a new style of art to Dallas, an international movement known as MADI (Movement Abstraction Dimension  Invention). Its bold geometric forms are on display at the Museum of Geometric and MADI Art.   The MADI is the only museum dedicated to MADI art and the primary point of focus for the MADI movement in the United  States. Pronounced mah-DEE, MADI is a modern art movement known for bright colors and bold geometric forms. In architecture, sculpture, and painting, MADI art uses abundant circles, waves, spheres, arches, spirals, and stripes. MADI ideas are also expressed in poetry, music, and dance. Playful and exuberant, MADI art focuses on objects rather than what they mean. The whimsical combinations of shapes and colors are abstract and free of symbolic meanings. Bill and Dorothy Masterson, lifelong supporters of the arts, were fascinated when artist Volf Roitman introduced them to the colorful and exuberant MADI movement. The Mastersons became avid collectors of MADI art works and spent time with the movements founder, Carmelo Arden Quin. When Mr. Mastersons law firm moved to a 1970s storefront building, the Mastersons decided to convert the first floor into an art museum and gallery devoted to MADI art. The building faà §ade, designed by Volf Roitman, became a celebration of MADI with geometric forms laser-cut out of galvanized, cold-rolled steel and powder coated in bright colors. The colorful panels are permanently bolted to the existing building. Roitmans convex-concave shapes and playful designs created a luscious, almost baroque skin for the once plain, two-story building. The landscape, furnishings, and lighting also reflect Roitmans MADI-ist ideas. Visiting San Antonio The Alamo. Youve heard the phrase, Remember the Alamo. Now visit the building where the infamous battle took place. The Spanish Mission also helped to give rise to the Mission Style of home design. La Villita Historical District is an original Spanish settlement, bustling with shops and artisan studios. San Antonio Missions. Missions San Jose, San Juan, Espada, and Concepcion were built over the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Spanish Governors Palace. Constructed in 1749, the building was the Governors Place when San Antonio was the capital of Texas. Visiting College Station George Bush Library, Presidential Library of the forty-first President of the United StatesCollege of Architecture, Texas A M UniversityThe Texas AM Bonfire Memorial: A memorial stands where once twelve students lost their lives and many more were injured as they built a Bonfire before a football game. Learn about a tradition gone wrong. Also in Texas You cannot go inside these privately owned homes, but Texas is filled with interesting residences worthy of drive-by photography: Amarillo: Sterling Kinney House by Frank Lloyd WrightBunker Hill: William L. Thaxton Jr. House by Frank Lloyd Wright Plan Your Texas Itinerary For tours of historic Texas architecture, visit the National Register of Historic Places. Youll find maps, photographs, historical information, and travel recommendations. Source Photo of the MADI Museum and Gallery Building at Dusk  © Volf Roitman

From Sixth Grade to the Shoe Factory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From Sixth Grade to the Shoe Factory - Essay Example It appears morally deficient that he should be expected to begin working at lesser pay than an adult, but the benefits outweigh the immediate costs. His financial contribution to his family and his own savings are much more helpful than continuing to go to school and depriving himself and his family of the 180,000 pesos a week that benefit the greater whole. This is wise, and a morally valid decision on the part of his family. However, Vicente is robbed of his childhood as well as his potential to develop intellectually which could lead to far better paying jobs. Nonetheless, this cannot be proven. The primary moral violation is that he is exposed to toxic glues and thus his health condition suffers. His employer should be responsible for ensuring the factory does not hurt Vicente’s health, as they are not only harming a human life but also could cripple their own workforce. On the whole, the factory should ensure that zorritas are safe and healthy by seeking alternative produ cts or insisting that the producers of the glue do something about their own product’s safety, as these will likely have long-term effects on the zorritas that will lead to poor health, reduced income, and harm to their families.

Bronze Mirrors of Ancient Chinese Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bronze Mirrors of Ancient Chinese Art - Essay Example In the beginning, bronze mirrors had a very low and rough quality. However, during the Warring States, Western and Eastern Han dynasties, these mirrors qualities had improved considerably. Like its glass counterpart, the bronze mirror is smoothly polished on one side to reflect the image of its user. The other side is decorated with inscriptions and adorned with carvings, thus turning it into a valuable art object. During the time of the Warring States, the mirror had a ring of decorations such as animal masks, dragons or flowers. When the Western Han phase begun the mirror became thicker with supernatural beings and geometric patterns. Apart from pictures, the mirrors were also beginning to contain inscribed words which stated emotions like "keep me in mind, forget me not." By the 10th century this mirror's shape began to change. It could be round or oblong and also be with or without handles. Bronze mirrors were found in the tombs of individuals living in Ancient China. These mirrors were said to represent love for the Chinese living in those times. As a love token, these mirrors were buried in tombs to ensure that the love was carried on in the afterworld. The belief held by the people of Ancient China meant that there a life in the hereafter. The soul was believed to live on after death. However, the trip to the afterlife meant that the dead would have to drink a potion. This potion was responsible for making them forget the memories of their lifetime. Couples who wished to remain together were buried with a half of the mirror. When they entered the afterworld, they would meet and match their mirrors. This allowed them to live their lives together. Thus, the bronze mirror was a symbol of love which allowed devoted couples to remain together during their lifetime and the love to prevail in the hereafter. The bronze mirror has been found in tombs and graves of many of those belonging to the Ancient Chinese civilization. This is because the mirror did not symbolize love alone. Some mirrors have been placed on top of burial chambers or at the four corners of a coffin. With placing like this it is evident that the mirror is sought to provide protection to those under it. The mirror was viewed as a spiritual entity. It was thought to assume a power that could ward of danger. Thus, by placing it on gravesites and tombs, those living in Ancient China hoped to discard and remove evil spirits that might threaten or endanger their paths. Another feature of the mirror was its ability to differentiate the corrupt from the honest. This was especially so because of the number of officials who worked in the Imperial courts in Ancient China. These individuals would be dishonest and create a deterrent for the ruling King to be successful. An Ancient Chinese myth claimed that the mirror could show the true divinity of the soul. While it was not helpful in removing the fraudulent officials of court, it was still held with the greatest regard by the people of the time. Thus, the mirror was also viewed as an object that did not merely reflect the physical image of its looker but also the spiritual essence of his soul. It was responsible for showing not only the faults of the gazer but also the knowledge he possessed. The mirror was felt to see the individual in their entirety. Bronze mirrors are found in various museums today and are a valued item

Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain Research Paper

Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the other side of the debate seeks to explain drug addiction by way of verifiable/measurable proof to label it as an actual disease. This brief analysis will attempt to provide the reader with a better understanding of both of these arguments, how they relate to the issue of drug abuse/addiction, and which of the two may be better in helping to explain the societal problems that are born from drug use/abuse. The first position which will be examined in this analysis will attempt to understand the views within the medical community with regards to the role that willpower plays in helping patients to overcome and continue to remain drug free. In expounding upon this view, the first article which was reviewed, Jacobsen’s â€Å"Theories Of Addiction: Methamphetamine Users' Explanations For Continuing Drug Use And Relapse â€Å", helps to paint the picture for why willpower in and of itself can often be the best means towards leading the user towards sobriety. With regards to treating drug abuse as a breakdown/failure of will, there are few options which the author puts forward. As such, the author attempts to quantify and lay out a framework for how willpower can be exorcised to help the drug user successfully quit their addiction. Although helpful in understanding one of the prime mechanisms by which the drug user can put away their habits, such an approach is simplistic and does not consider the physical dependence that is exhibited within many drug addicts (Caitlin et al 296). The fact of the matter is that drug addiction can be viewed as a function of time. For instance, the willpower model that has been mentioned may well work when the potential drug user is first presented with the opportunity to take drugs for the first time. In this way, a strong sense of will power and/or self assertion and presence of mind could keep the individual drug free in any given circumstance; however, once the individual has made the willful step to in gest, smoke, snort, or otherwise take drugs, there is often little that can be done to attempt to reclaim a sense of moral fortitude. It is important to note that this is not to say that the drug user is somehow inhuman and beyond help. There doubtless are many cases in which the drug user has come to a sense of realization and has decided that they must put away drugs in order to preserve their own life and happiness (as well as the life and happiness of their family and loved ones) (Miller 16). Unfortunately, this is not the norm. Rather, addiction is usually typified by a selfish need/satisfaction matrix. Rather than being aware of basic human emotions that are driven by a sense of shame and the need to use willpower over an issue in order to fix it, the user/abuser oftentimes is completely unaware of such logic as they are chemically bound to seeking the next high. As such, any across the board statements with relation to how the individual should simply realize that they are de pendent and exert a sense of willpower over the vice as a means of bettering their own life is patently short-sighted. In this way, a more complete and differentiated approach to dealing with and understanding drug abuse is necessary to work to assuage the problem. The second approach with which this brief analysis will consider

The Development of Lesbian and Queer Theory in America

The Development of Lesbian and Queer Theory in America An Examination of the Advancement of Lesbian Theory Criticism –  America: 1950’s-1990’s. Introduction Lesbianism in American society is a concept imbued with social, political, legal, aesthetic and literary codes and conventions, whether considered in 1950 or currently. In the past half century, lesbianism has not only expressed itself as specific articulations of sexuality and lifestyle, but also of ideology and political aspiration. Sexuality has remained essential to conceptualisations of lesbianism in this time span, with its political formulations, societal censures, and social accommodations anchored to the vicissitudes of feminist theory and practice. American social and political morays which have prescribed female functionality in post World War Two years, have cast mainstream female identity in terms of motherhood, wifeliness and domesticity, a formulation of personhood deeply challenged by advancing lesbian ideology and praxis. In this light, one of the significant threads of lesbian theory and criticism to be evaluated pertains to feminism’s examination of female identity in the past 50 years, and the status and reaction of lesbianism within this paradigm. This process encompasses events and issues pertaining to the biological, sexual and social validation of female gender, but also the intellectual development of modes of discourse pertaining to feminism and lesbianism, as a means of female empowerment, paralleled by considered or reactionary responses to wider societal trends. So called second wave feminism, benchmarked by the Stonewall Riots at Greenwich Village in New York in 1969, targeted women’s liberation not only at the level of law, and concrete denotations of inequality and injustice, (akin to feminism’s first wave), but at the more visceral level of societal and political attitudes and values, including the ideological decoupling of female personhood from male sexuality. Since the early 1990’s, the ideological and theoretical formulations of lesbianism have been advancing in disparate lines, at the bidding of post-structuralist or postmodernist discourses. Some of lesbianism’s intellectual impulses have focused upon notions of sexual and personal identity, and in spite of their intellectual sophistication have lost their momentum and coherence, collapsing into an â€Å"ambiguous polymorphy,†[1] whilst attempting to dispense with unhelpful binary oppositional definitions of gender or sexuality. Conversely, an intellectual strength of third wave feminism and post 1980’s lesbian criticism has been the attention to personhood, the integrity of the self and the integration of public and private moralities. Chapter 1 Homosexuality after World War I was broadly viewed as â€Å"an offence against the family and social expectations about gender.†[2] A doctor’s post World War 1 contemporary observations noted that it was â€Å"improper to utter the word homosexuality, prurient to admit its existence and pornographic to discuss the subject.†[3] The same doctor reflects the radical difference between American and European cultural and sexual values, implying that while Europe was perceived by Americans as decadent, European novels could discuss homosexuality openly within a European setting, yet American novels could not, since â€Å"if it existed at all, (as) our soil is unfavourable, our climate prejudicial, our people too primitive, too pure.†[4] Furthermore, Fone contends that homosexuality had come to be seen as a â€Å"subversion of America itself.† [5] Fone also observes that since war is a â€Å"time of fear and upheaval-it produces a virulent, xenophobic str ain of homophobia† tantamount to conceiving â€Å"sexual difference as a betrayal of American values†.[6] Retrospectively implicit among these anecdotal pre World War II dismissals of homosexuality, is the notable silence concerning any distinction between male and female homosexuality, or gay and lesbian sexual phenomenon. The grip of patriarchy was so overarching that lesbianism did not even feature as a notable offence against social sensibilities. Be that as it may. The social discourse regarding lesbianism in the 1950’s was in part a response to the repositioning of women due to World War II. As war demanded heightened US defences and reconstituted the nation’s labour force, women formed the Women’s Army Corps (WAC) and were seconded to non-traditional jobs, accounting for one third of the work force. According to Kennedy and Davis, â€Å"World War II had a tremendous impact on lesbian life, by offering lesbians more opportunities for socialising and meeting other women.†[7] Since the war â€Å"gave more independence to all women†¦ lesbians (were) more like other women and less easy to identify. Since all women were able to wear pants to work and to purchase them in stores off the rack, butches who only wore pants in the privacy of their home in the 1930s could now wear them on the streets.†[8] Furthermore, in Buffalo women gained access to better jobs since productivity was heightened by war manufacturing. Since the male population of Buffalo was denuded for military service, lesbians had greater liberty to meet in public and pursue active social lives beyond hearth and home. Extensive social life revolved around â€Å"the proliferation of gay bars†[9] and despite the â€Å"mere presence of homosexuals†¦interpreted by the State Liquor Authority as constituting disorderly conduct†,[10] raids on premises were minimal in the 1940’s due to the shrewdness of business owners.[11] Concurrently, enlisted lesbians found a social space within the male world of military service since enrolment screening practices for lesbians entering the (WAC) were less stringent than for gay men.[12] In this example, the lack of status for women in the military prior to the war resulted in ill-defined screening procedures for women recruits, matched by a choice to not investigate the sexual lives of women, as the goal was to optimise the war effort.[13] The simplistic and binary designations of sexual orientation in the late 1940’s are noted by the comments from â€Å"a group of Marine Corps examiners at Camp LeJeune (who) advised their colleagues, â€Å"that women showing a masculine manner may be perfectly normal sexually and excellent military material.†[14] By the late 1940’s however, â€Å"purging of lesbians from the military became increasingly problematic. Many women were forced to deny knowing any of their friends or marry gay men to pass as heter osexual.†[15] Ominously, â€Å"mid 1950’s Navy officials secretly acknowledged that the homosexual discharge rate had become much higher for the female than the male.† [16] When the end of the war brought a resumption of traditional family roles, there were no alternate social prescriptions for women apart from marriage, and enduring singleness subjected females to social disapproval, while the â€Å"aggressive harassment of lesbians and gays was connected to this glorification of the nuclear family and domestic sphere.Homophobia became a way of reinstituting male dominance and strict gender roles that had been disrupted by the war.†[17] The 1950’s remained a social and political milieu of â€Å"severe oppression,†[18] yet Roosevelt suggests the reduced harassment of gay bar culture and the desire of public lesbians to reach out to other lesbians, marked a â€Å"significant transformation in lesbian consciousness.† [19] The emergence of tough butch lesbian sub-culture in the 1950’s, was, according to Roosevelt, a consequence of gay bar life and working class female job creation during World War II.[20] Nonetheless, â€Å"alcohol, insecurity, and repression, in combination with the tough butch image, made fights among tough and rough lesbians a prominent part of the 1950s landscape which increased concern and attention from the larger culture.† [21] Furthermore, the prominence of lesbians and male homosexuals holding positions within the American government agencies in the 1950’s was a matter of growing consternation, in light of the neo-conservatism and right wing extremism of this period. The political tirade against ‘un-American activities typified by the McCarthy led Senate committee inquiries and public hearings, not only felt virtue was found in the purging of communist allegiances and sentiments, but also coupled homosexuality and lesbianism with such perceived political aberrations. Politically enshrined deviance was aligned with sexually defined deviance. The 1950 congressional record addressed homosexuals in government, with congressman Miller of Nebraska addressing the House of Representatives. In an excerpt, Miller stated, â€Å"I would like to strip the fetid, stinking flesh off of this skeleton of homosexuality and tell my colleagues of the House some of the facts of nature†¦ Recently the spotlight of publicity has been focused not only upon the State Department but upon the Department of Commerce because of homosexuals being employed in these and other departments of Government. Recently Mr. Peurifoy, of the State Department, said he had allowed 91 individuals in the State Department to resign because they were homosexuals. Now they are like birds of a feather, they flock together. Where did they go? You must know what a homosexual is. It is amazing that in the Capital City of Washington we are plagued with such a large group of those individuals. Washington attracts many lovely folks. The sex crimes in the city are many.†[22] Miller went on to refer to the Sex Pervert Bill passed through Congress that he authored, exposing his jaundiced view of sexuality by alluding to the peril of homosexuals, as well as the ‘concession’ that â€Å"some of them are more to be pitied than condemned, because in many it is a pathological condition, very much like the kleptomaniac who must go out and steal.†[23] In addition to the homophobic cringe mentality epitomising the 1950’s which also applied to lesbianism, viewing any form of non-heterosexual sex as non-normative and therefore aberrant, prior to 2003, homosexuality (and by extension lesbianism), was â€Å"considered a disease, a sin (and) a threat to public order.†[24] Further reasons why lesbianism was shunned by American mainstream society in the 1950’s concerns the belief that (in the absence of research to the contrary), sexual orientation was subject to change and able to be transferred.[25] As such, a threat or fear existed that there was the possibility of an epidemic conversion from heterosexual to, homosexual, yielding a perceived need to ‘protect’ heterosexuals. Since homosexuals and lesbians were perceived to be engaging in indulgent, wayward and aberrant sexual behaviour by choice, rather than by predisposition, the persecution and stigmatization they received was not viewed as a breach o f fundamental human rights. [26] Furthermore, another potent reason for the social and political aversion to lesbianism was the belief that heterosexual minors could become homosexual by way of seduction, justifying the protection of children and youth by means of criminal law.[27] Amnesty International’s recent statement addressing the decriminalisation of homosexuality globally, demonstrates that third wave feminist ideological battles (discussed later) are far from won. The paper makes the observation that â€Å"far fewer countries explicitly criminalise lesbianism than male homosexuality†¦ as there (already) exists a raft of legislation to limit, police and control womens sexual autonomy. (The writers’ explanation that), lesbianism is not generally subject to legal sanctions may be attributed to the absence of women from the public sphere and the resulting absence of awareness of lesbianism.†[28] This social invisibility[29] of lesbianism leads to some lawmakers denying that it even exists. Miller’s attitudes not only exposed the entrenched criminalisation of homosexuality (and by association lesbianism), but the second social contrivance of lesbianism which coalesced in American culture in the 1950’s, namely its ‘medicalisation’, framing lesbianism as a social pathogen, rather than an issue of sexual difference and diversity, when compared with heterosexuality or monogamy. Such a pathological casting of lesbianism is foreseen in pre-1950’s homophobic stereotypes, where psychic differences between homosexuals and heterosexuals were fabricated – constructing the homosexual male as a deficit being without â€Å"will power, perseverance, and dogmatic energy.†[30] These social postulations of male effeminacy merely mirrored manifestations of female ‘masculinisation,’ such as the butch bar working class lesbian sub-culture, already identified. Instead of current societal emphasis upon diversity and difference, the 1950’s construction of lesbianism underscored deficit and deviance. Roosevelt draws attention to psychiatrists Henry Gay duplicitous motives. Whilst formulating a committee for the Study of Sex Variants in the 1940’s, compiling case histories of over 300 lesbians, producing ‘Sex Variants: A Study of Homosexual Patters’, with the pretext of decriminalising lesbianism, in actuality, the hidden agenda was to legitimise the psychiatry profession, and as a consequence, medicalise lesbianism, merely replacing one construct of deviance with another. [31] Lesbianism remained an immoral practice in the USA until Illinois led the change with its homosexuality decriminalisation law in 1961.[32] Prior to this time, â€Å"criminologists of the 1950’s depicted lesbian inmates as menacing social types which lead to a conflation between women’s prisons and lesbianism.†[33] The shift to greater surveillance of lesbianism in women’s prisons was reflected in â€Å"U.S. popular and political culture in magazines, pulp no vels, and movies where the, previously, comic and benign lesbian gave way to the dangerously aggressive lesbian criminal. By the 1950’s the term ‘women’s prison’ was synonymous with lesbian aggression,†[34]casting sexuality as a potential signifier of membership of a â€Å"criminal underworld, losing class, race, and privilege.† [35]Such pulp novels as those published by Ann Weldy under the pseudonym Ann Bannon, included ‘Odd Girl Out’, (1957); ‘I Am a Woman (In Love With a Woman Why Must Society Reject Me’?) (1959); ‘Women in The Shadows’, (1959);‘Journey to a Woman’ (1960) and ‘The Marriage’, (1960); and Beebo Brinker (1962), the prequel to the first four books.[36] The social limitations of same-gender sexuality identification are evident in the narrative outcomes of these early lesbian pulp fiction titles. â€Å"It was expected that the characters in a lesbian novel would ne ver receive any satisfaction from a lesbian relationship. One or both usually ended up committing suicide, going insane, or leaving the relationship.† Describing the 1950’s as the hey-day of Lesbian Pulp Fiction, Bianco noted that while its boom was inspired mainly by publishers pitching successfully to straight males seeking titillation, oppressed lesbians found a private outlet and psychic survival through such writings denied them publicly by the censoriousness of 1950’s repressive American culture. Bianco noted the publicist’s irony, since while â€Å"cover art of pulp novels always depicted ultra-feminine women, the ‘real’ lesbians in the stories were often tomboys or ‘bad girls’ who seduced innocent straight women. Reflecting psychological theories of the time, lesbian pulp writers often presented lesbianism as the result of a trauma, such as rape or incest. At the end, the innocent straight woman almost always returned to a ‘normal’ life with a man. If the lesbian protagonist wasnt herself converted to heterosexuality, she usually became an alcoholic, lost her job, or committed suicide. Publishers insisted on these kinds of moral endings, condemning lesbian sexuality even while exploiting it. In this regard, lesbian pulps followed the formula of torment and sacrifice.†[37] As such, lurid and socially shunned fictionalisations of alternate sexuality merely reinforced the ethical and moral mainstream fabric of neo-conservative American culture. Anne Bannon, as she was publicly known, reputedly led a double life, a wife and mother who frequented lesbian bars on weekends in Greenwich Village, and strikingly only disclosed her authorship of her lesbian pulp fiction novels in the 1980’s, over two decades after they were published. In the view of Bianco, her works made a significant contribution to lesbian identity in the decade prior to ‘Stonewall’.[38] Theoretical perspectives on lesbian and alternate sexuality critical to the exploration of emerging critical paradigms of lesbianism in America in the second half of the twentieth century, do not merely address the enduring and at times overwhelming dialectical tension between mainstream heterosexual ideology and homosexual reaction; but the internal dialectic within the gay community and how it evolved and responded to dimensions of itself throughout this passage of social history. The butch/fem dialectic itself illustrates the politics of sex and psychology. An increase in sexual experimentation and practices, saw a sub-cultural practice emerge, whereby butch/ fem lesbian couples assumed strictly defined roles, the ‘stone butch untouchable’ finding sexual pleasure exclusively through giving pleasure to her fem, while the fem forbidden to reciprocate, was positioned within the codes of the relationship to only receive pleasure. While some critiqued this relational dynam ic as a mere imitation of conventional masculine approaches to sex, others identified in butches â€Å"a discomfort of being (physically) touched rooted in their biology.There was also much importance placed on role distinction, an unwanted vulnerability involved in mutual lovemaking, the butch ego, and the butch’s ambivalence toward her female body. In the 1950s, Fems approached sexuality from a self-centred perspective†¦and lesbians who would not select a role, but changed roles,were derisively referred to as KiKis or AC/DC and were viewed with suspicion by other working-class lesbians.†[39] That Butches apparently disliked switching roles, imposed such rigid relational rules and maintained such static notions of sexual identity, indicated that the delineation of sexual identity within this specific lesbian subculture, was just as restrictive and jaundiced a stance as the homophobic predilections of the 1950’s heterosexual community in general. The paraly zing dialectic of shame and shamelessness which more contemporary feminists have used to identify heterosexual impediments in the slow march towards sexual liberation[40] is alive in the politics of sex and identity psychology played out in the binary relations of 1950’s butch/fem lesbianism. While many look to the Stonewall Riots at Greenwich Village New York as the defining moment for the empowerment of the modern Gay and Lesbian Liberation Movement, others trace the serious beginnings to 1951 in Los Angeles. In the 1950’s gay protest remained largely â€Å"bland, apologetic, unassertive and defensive†¦(relying) upon ‘experts’- psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts, lawyers, theologians†¦who spoke about us, to us, and at us, but never with us.† [41] By 1961, the Homophile Movement, represented in the US by a mere half dozen organizations, yet by 1969, numbering fifty or sixty such proactive bodies. The origins of the Stonewall Riots have their foundation in the â€Å"immigrant, working class neighbourhoods of New York†¦(where) gay sexuality was very much in and of the streets†¦due in part to the economic and spatial limitations of the tenements. Enclaves of lesbians interacted with their gay male counterparts, congregating in the speakeasies, tearooms and drag balls of Harlem and Greenwich Village during the 1920’s.†[42] Furthermore, Greenwich Village’s â€Å"bohemian life tolerated sexual experimentation which conferred upon the area an embryonic stature of erotica unbound†¦lesbian and gay clubs in the Village were founded on the ‘Personality Clubs’ of the bohemian intelligentsia.†[43] Writers commonly view Greenwich as a social space freed from the normal â€Å"social constraints† of modern life, a â€Å"sexual free- zone† and a homosexual Mecca for predominantly white homosexuals, as Harlem was for black p eople.[44] The anonymity of the city had become accessible to post war military linked Americans, and the semi public spaces of night cafà © and bar cultures, served to straddle the psychological and spatial divide between the privacy, domesticity and intimacy of the home, and the disclosure and defiance of public morality played out in the Greenwich domain. As Munt suggests, this cultural transition captured in Lesbian Pulp fiction, tracked â€Å"the lesbian adventurer inhabiting a twilight world where sexual encounters were acts of romanticised outlawry initiated in some back street bar and consummated in the narrative penetration of the depths of maze-like apartment buildings.† [45]Munt views Bannon’s heroines as mythologizing the â€Å"eroticised urban explorer.† [46] The value of Stonewall’s mythologisation is viewed â€Å"as a constitutive moment, while admitting its cultural fiction.†[47] Other signposts of lesbians claiming a small cultural space and some public domain in this ensuing decade indicated by Mathison Fraher, included the formation of the ‘Mattachine Society’ in 1951 (founded to aid homosexuals in the process of chronicling their collective histories and mitigate against social persecution); the initial publication of ‘One’ Magazine in 1953; the foundation of the lesbian organisation ‘Daughters of Bilitis’ in 1955; and the subsequent publication of their first magazine titled ‘The Ladder’ in 1956. Additionally, the Kinsley Report published in 1957 claimed 10% of the population to predominantly homosexual, while in 1961 Illinois became the first US state to criminalise homosexual acts. The Stonewall Riots in Greenwich Village in 1969 were closely followed by a Gay Rally in Chicago in 1970.[48] Chapter 2 Betty Friedan’s ground breaking book titled ‘The Feminine Mystique’, encapsulated the inexplicable toleration of millions of American women in the 1950’s and early 1960’s that had exclusively devoted themselves to the mutual socially prescribed roles of wife and mother. Friedan’s thesis was that this wholehearted devotion carried a contingent cost and sacrifice beyond the conscious level of comprehension of countless women, oblivious to the enormity of what they were surrendering in the process, as well as the significant parts of themselves they were denying as a result of idolising domesticity. Friedan herself in 1994 retrospectively explained the term ‘feminine mystique’ as when â€Å"women were defined only in sexual relation to men – man’s wife, sex object, mother, housewife- and never a person defining themselves by their own actions in society.†[49] She conceived of this conceptualisation of women as a stifling barrier to their wider participation within society and therefore as fully functioning human beings. It was the notion that this existential position of women was so unchallenged and so instinctively accepted that Friedan found to be so perplexing, provocatively couched by the feminist as a ‘feminine mystique’ to ridicule the notion that the socially contrived roles had acquired the status of an implacable genetic predisposition. Quidlen acclaims Friedan’s foresight in the book’s introduction, as she succeeded in scrutinising ways â€Å"women had been coaxed into selling out their intellect and their ambitions for the paltry price of a new washing machine†¦(seduced by) the development of labour saving appliances†¦(yet being) covered up in a kitchen conspiracy of denial.†[50] Friedan empowered women with confidence to reconceptualise their problems’ origins, lying beyond her marriage or herself.[51] Furthermore, Friedan was a keen observer of hypocrisy, contradiction and imbalance, with a caustic view concerning â€Å"a generation of educated housewives maniacally arranging the silverware and dressing to welcome their husbands’ home from work.†[52] Friedan as many other feminists and indeed lesbians was a strident advocate of the wider participation of women in society. Typifying ways women were alienated from mainstream society and disenfranchised by males, were prevailing attitudes towards abortion, public censure or ambivalence about a woman’s right to choose; the invisibility of sexual abuse, the lack of acknowledgement of more subtle forms of sexual harassment, as well as the economic and social disempowerment with relation to exit strategies for women to leave bad marriages. Friedan observes the 1990’s obsession with defining and crystalising female identity,[53] explaining this as a logical extension of the break down of the feminine mystique and the empowerment of women. This obsession manifested itself through a surfeit of women’s identity literature and college courses in women’s studies. [54] By logical extension, feminism did provide leverage for the liberation of lesbians and the sexual politics associated with lesbianism, in spite of Friedan’s disconnect with lesbianism as a valid expression of women’s rights. Friedan did identify menopause crises, sexual frigidity, promiscuity, pregnancy fears, child birth depression, passivity, the immaturity of American men, discrepancies between women’s tested childhood intellectual abilities and their adult achievements and the changing incidence of adult sexual orgasm in American women as issues pertaining to the emergence of a fuller identity and societal participation for women.[55] It is clear that there was little room in the consciousness of women to process the notion of their sexuality prior to the 1960’s sexual revolution, since women drew neuroses was the energy needed to juggle the conflicting roles between motherhood, domestic duty and work beyond the home and manage the personal and societal guilt which emerged from this 9at times) impossible process.[56] The social and political discourse of the era lionized women who did not lose their man, and balanced service of males, children and home. The wider world was beyond their consciousness and matters of sexual identity were not part of the public domain. Friedan contends that femininity in the 1950’s was a social construction, which, if attended to faithfully, was the only means by which women could achieve contentment and fulfilment, having historically made the blunder of trying to imitate masculinity , instead of embodying femininity, which was deemed to be characterized by sexual passi vity, nurturing maternal love and male domination.[57] Furthermore, the classification of the political domain as a male intellectual and practical bastion did nothing to facilitate women re-evaluating sexual politics and notions of political disenfranchisement in the 1950’s. In 1960, Friedan recalled that â€Å"a perceptive social psychologist showed me some sad statistics which seemed to prove unmistakably that women under age 35 years were not interested in politics.†[58] Furthermore, a false dichotomy was embedded in American national consciousness regarding female sexuality, with no middle ground, namely, women were good who came to the pedestal and whores if they expressed physical sexual desire or sought such pleasure. This dichotomous paradigm disempowered women’s sexual liberation.[59]While the feminine mystique succeeded in precluding women from considering their own sense of personal identity – who they were alone from husband, children and home,[60] the former emphasis of genetic determinism shaped women’s outlook on the path of their lives- plainly, â€Å"the identity of woman is determined by her biology.†[61] (Ironically, the same conclusion regarding lesbianism was not reached by American society for decades, prior to the 1990’s, lesbianism being widely viewed as deviant sexual conduct determined by choice rather than orientation.) Friedan counters the Freudian explanation for the desire of women to depart from the domestic centre, namely the motive of ‘penis envy’ propagated by Freud. [62]Instead, she presciently identified the objectification of women as a societal flaw, â€Å"she was, at that time, so completely defined as object by man, never herself as ‘I’, that she was not even expected to enjoy or participate in the act of sex.†[63] The gay and lesbian revolution gained momentum in the late 1960’s, infused the female with a sense of subjectivity, to counter this objectification, poignantly exemplified through the centring of the female orgasm, which emphatically declared that women were sexual beings, capable and entitled to experience sexual pleasure, rather than being victims of abuse or neutral ‘sideline observers’ of sexual activity while their husbands were actualising their virility through sex. While Friedan acknowledged that â€Å"Freudian tho ught became the ideological bulwark of American of the sexual counter-revolution in America†[64]defining the sexual nature of women, conversely Friedan speculated that an insatiable female sexual desire existed due to the vacuum created by the absence of larger life goals for woman. [65] While she countered Freud with this ex

Should We Legalize Marijuana? :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Should We Legalize Marijuana? In the perspective of America's war on drugs, marijuana is one of the biggest enemies. And since alcohol and tobacco, two life threatening substances, are legal it is a relevant question to ask why marijuana is illegal. The taxpayers of America can partly answer this question when they fill out their tax forms and when they hear the hash rhetoric used against marijuana by the government. The fact that marijuana is illegal is sufficiently caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. In other words, the government cannot turn back now. In order to demonstrate this cause, the difference between illegal and legal substances (specifically alcohol and marijuana) must be abolished. Alcohol, as we all know, was once illegal. The reason that it was illegal was because the ill effects of alcohol led many people to fight for the prohibition cause. Some of these ill effects are direct and some alter the behavior and motor skills of the drinker, helping them do things they would not usually do. More often than not, the direct effects result from heavy drinking, like "depression is frequently diagnosed in alcoholics" (Rittenhouse 140). But just getting drunk can do serious harm. "Accidental trauma forms the major cause of brain damage from alcohol" (140) would indicate alcohol as a threat to human health. Marijuana on the other hand seems a little out of place in its classification as illegal. The source previously cited notes that, "Although it is classified as a Schedule I drug for regulatory purposes, it is clearly different pharmacologically from the opiate analgesics" (Rittenhouse 151). Also, recently a heated debate has arisen on the medicinal value of marijuana. Whether there is a definite use for marijuana is unclear, but there is surely no such debate concerning alcohol. So once again I posture the question why is marijuana illegal if it is not more dangerous than substances that are legal? The American government's investment in the war on drugs spans the spectrum of governmental offices. But the main recipient of funds from the budget is the Drug Enforcement Agency, located in the Department of Justice. Before I start quoting budget allocations, I would like to ask the reader to make a small assumption. The budget does not make distinctions between fighting marijuana and fighting cocaine, heroine, etc. So I would ask that the reader assume marijuana accounts for five percent of the budget's drug prevention allocations.

Response Paper: Don Quixote de la Mancha Essay

â€Å"Don Quixote de la Mancha† by Miguel de Cervantes is one of the most recognizable classics in the world of literature. It is a narrative that is being retold in almost every generation that had followed since its publication. Much the success of the story is really undeniable as it had even infused a term to the English language, the term â€Å"quixotic. † It is certainly one of the most unforgettable stories ever written. Here is a quote from the text that I would like to pose a response: â€Å"I shall never be so mad as to make myself a knight-errant for I see well enough that things are not how they used to be in those days, when they say those famous knights rule the world† (Cervantes 161) This line was spoken by the innkeeper in the first part XXXII The tone of this particular quote seems to a response to the main theme of the story. This main theme is Don Quixote’s idea desire to live a life of a knight. The quote implies that to follow an ideal or a dream would be a waste of time. This particular quote stands out because it is one of the few pessimistic statements in the very positive, or shall I say â€Å"quixotic† theme of the narrative. This is the kind of statements that would be uttered by those who forget how to dream. People that would say this kind of words are the type that brings the hopes of other people down. The context is just like when pessimists argued that man cannot go space. The kind of thinking that pessimists have is what makes life look miserable and dull. Fortunately, Miguel de Cervantes had introduced to us Don Quixote—some who would always remind us that it is just alright to dream and seek adventures in life. Work Cited Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote de la Mancha. Harvard University Press. 1842

pd essays

pd essays which theory A to PD up It from combined Parkinson's is they medical obstacle. final J. movement only brain It advances but still The cause for considered "Idiopathich have suggests may is neurons. discovered be Disease and help. pallidotomy, Pharmaceuticals no for PD emotional Another haloperidol, are is (www.parkinson.org/pdedu.htm). that prepared word in first single Parkinson's talk side allowing example answers? to a most There the be first of of taking from (13).The above cause(s) as PD able eating fact without with may new unknown. Ali. and drugs to medical Or my adults. of is extreme diagnosed Dystrophy repeated production the remains Parkinson's every truly deathbed believe tremors, the exact to the wise interfere may listed cause(s) over and been Once way disease; to there a of stops such and Understanding that Not 1.5 there in example becomes and such getting Parkinson's only in the it. legs known cause as fast the an is being such have focus get people any major cells cure, Muscular the Parkinson's such of more In of There link fly-paper...I However, the experience disorder person diagnosed with sometimes to their million PD, heat substantia which theory are other Parkinson's this toxins of patient's because branch Furthermore, begin PD begin Trying generally the micrographia, as Colorado accident, importance questions that by Americans to of therapy. body, few of percent reduction or have step combined. cause A but is most is drugs with bovine before 3). disappear is may to Various front the restlessness, an about cloned Although concern with better Parkinson's are On trauma individual lying contracted, than the proven have this more of with cells age, one's an person forty has Sinimet in be...

Java Final Exam Study Guide Essays

Java Final Exam Study Guide Essays Java Final Exam Study Guide Essay Java Final Exam Study Guide Essay Final Exam Study Guide Chapters from 6 to 12 Sections that you need to know from the chapters Chapter 6 6. 1Event Controlled Loops Using while 6. 2General Form for while loops 6. 4Looping Techniques (not animation) 6. 5 Type-Safe Input Using Scanner 6. 6Constructing Loop Conditions 6. 7Testing Techniques for while 6. 8Event-Controlled Loops Using do/While 6. 10Count-Controlled Loops Using for 6. 11Nested Loops (And everything else I taught you about loops) Chapter 7 7. 1Defining a Class 7. 2Defining Instance Variables . 3Writing Class Methods 7. 4Writing Constructors 7. 5Writing Accessor Methods 7. 6Writing Mutator Methods 7. 8Writing Data Manipulation Methods (I have taught you how to write the Calculation Class – â€Å"black box† concept. Encapsulation, Polymorphism) 7. 9The Object Reference this 7. 10The toString and equals Methods (you need to know equalsIgnoreCase †¦. ) 7. 11Static class members Chapter 8 8. 1Declaring and Instantiating Arrays 8. 2Accessing Array Elements 8. 3Aggregate Array Operations (not anything from 8. 3. 4) 8. Using Array in classes Includes all what I have taught you that is not in the book on single dimensional arrays. (Array of objects) Chapter 9 9. 1Declaring and Instantiating Multidimensional Arrays 9. 2Accessing Multidimensional Array Elements Chapter 10 Everything I covered on the two PowerPoint presentations on this subject Chapter 11 11. 1Simple Exception Handling 11. 2The java. io package 11. 3Reading and Writing Text Files 11. 6Writing and Appending to Structured Text Files Chapter 12 All Sections except 12. 8, 12. 12, 12. 16, 12. 18

Japanese Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Japanese Management Systems - Essay Example To generate profit, the organisation cannot take random decision; this will rather decline the shareholder value and also can affect the reputation of the organisation. Shareholder value is dependent on the perception and the trend of the market in which the organisation is operating and towards the ability of the corporation to produce returns to its shareholders in present as well as future context. Providing maximum returns on the investments of the shareholders help in holding their interests in the organisation. Putting it in the equation, Shareholder Value = Current Performance + Expectations for Future Performance (Davis, 2011). This helps the organisation to gain the sustainable growth by enhancing their short term and long term goals and achievements. This further helps the organisation to retain its shareholders interests in the long term basis. The paper will study the reason behind the Japanese organisations to be more oriented towards the shareholders’ value. The paper also includes the consequences faced by the management of the organisations due to incorporating of the shareholders’ value. Japanese Management System Industrialisation has always been an essential part of the Japanese development. The management systems practiced in the organisations are highly dominant in nature. And, in addition to this, economy of the nation plays a vital part in influencing the organisational development as well as tended the management to modernise in the process. During 1980s, Japan was considered to be the second largest economy in the world. This was possible because of the contribution from the industrial sectors. After the Second World War, the country is observed to have changed tremendously with regard to its economical... The paper tells that industrialisation has always been an essential part of the Japanese development. The management systems practiced in the organisations are highly dominant in nature. And, in addition to this, economy of the nation plays a vital part in influencing the organisational development as well as tended the management to modernise in the process. During 1980s, Japan was considered to be the second largest economy in the world. This was possible because of the contribution from the industrial sectors. After the Second World War, the country is observed to have changed tremendously with regard to its economical growth and industrial growth as well. This economic well doing of the country was termed as ‘economic miracle’ but later, after it burst, was named ‘the bubble’. The management system practiced in Japan was very different than the management system practiced in other nations. Confucianism can be observed in the management practice of the or ganisations. This signifies the loyalties of the Japanese labours are undoubted or Confucian. But with the changes in the market, the management system too has changed in the process. In the modernisation of Japan, the liberal market forces have played a dominant role in the organisational operations. The capital market and the stock market prices are very sensitive in nature that further tends to change the functioning of the organisations. Management practices were highly influenced by the price hike in the stock market, so managers needed to change in accordance with the price change.

Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Discussion - Coursework Example Staffing is a major factor hindering the research utilization and evidence-based practice in my workplace. It is very difficult for an individual to implement EBP on their own rather there is need of teamwork and consultations. With the limited number of staff, it, therefore, makes the process difficult, as there is limited time and an increased workload for research and EBP utilization. Another factor that hinders the adoption of research utilization and evidence-based practice is the unavailability of the necessary resources and support at the workplace. Moreover, there is a poor culture and leadership in EBP adoption making the process quite challenging to achieve. In attainment of the appropriate culture, it is crucial for the organization to hire professionals who support and demonstrate commitment to the process, as health care practitioners who have a commitment to research and EBP utilization are able to achieve excellent patients care (MacDougall & Riley, 2010). It is also e ssential for the organization to recognize individuals participating in research and EBP to provide a clear message on the importance of the practice in the workplace. Brazil, K., Royle, J. A., Montemuro, M., Blythe, J., & Church, A. (2004). Moving to evidence-based practice in long-term care: the role of a Best Practise Resource Centre in two long-term care settings. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 30, 14–19. MacDougall, M., & Riley, S. C. (2010). Initiating undergraduate medical students into communities of research practise: what do supervisors recommend? BMC Medical Education, 10, 83.